Investigation of PL properties of C-doped SiO2/Si samples after high energy Pb ion irradiation

Amorphous SiO2 thin films with about 400-500 nm in thickness were thermally grown on single crystalline silicon. These SiO2/Si samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 100 keV carbon ions to 2.0 x 10(17),5.0 X 10(17) or 1.2 x 10(18) ions/cm(2), then irradiated at RT by 853 MeV Pb ions to 5.0 x 10(11), 1.0 X.10(12) 2.0 x 10(12) or 5.0 x 10(12) ions/cm(2), respectively. The variation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of these samples was analyzed at RT using a fluorescent spectroscopy. The obtained results showed that Pb-ion irradiations led to significant changes of the PL properties of the carbon ion implanted SiO2 films. For examples, 5.0 x 10(12) Pb-ions/cm(2) irradiation produced huge blue and green light-emitters in 2.0 x 10(17) C-ions/cm(2) implanted samples, which resulted in the appearance of two intense PL peaks at about 2.64 and 2.19 eV. For 5.0 x 10(17) carbon-ions/cm(2) implanted samples, 2.0 x 10(12) Pb-ions/cm(2) irradiation could induce the formation of a strong and wide violet band at about 2.90 eV, whereas 5.0 x 10(12) Pb-ionS/cm(2) irradiation could,create double peaks of light emissions at about 2.23 and 2.83 eV. There is no observable PL peak in the 1.2 x 10(18) carbon-ions/cm(2) implanted samples whether it was irradiated with Pb ions or not. All these results implied that special light emitters could be achieved by using proper ion implantation and irradiation conditions, and it will be very useful for the synthesis of new type Of SiO2-based light-emission materials.

Color center formation in alpha-Al2O3 induced by high energy heavy ions

Single crystals of alpha-alumina were irradiated at room temperature with 1.157 (GeVFe)-Fe-56, 1.755 (GeVXe)-Xe-136 and 2.636 (GeVU)-U-238 ions to fluences range from 8.7 x 10(9) to 6 x 10(12) ions/cm(2). Virgin and irradiated samples were investigated by ultraviolet visible absorption measurements. The investigation reveals the presence of various color centers (F, F+, F-2(2+), F-2(+) and F-2 centers) appearing in the irradiated samples. It is found that the ratio of peak absorbance of F-2 to F centers increases with the increase of the atomic numbers of the incident ions from Fe, Xe to U ions, so do the absorbance ratio of F-2(2+) to F+ centers and of large defect cluster to F centers, indicating that larger defect clusters are preferred to be produced under heavier ion irradiation. Largest color center production cross-section was found for the U ion irradiation. The number density of single anion vacancy scales better with the energy deposition through processes of nuclear stopping, indicating that the nuclear energy loss processes determines the production of F-type defects in heavy ion irradiated alpha-alumina.

Penning trap mass measurements on nobelium isotopes

The Penning trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP at GSI Darmstadt allows accurate mass measurements of radionuclides, produced in fusion-evaporation reactions and separated by the velocity filter SHIP from the primary beam. Recently, the masses of the three nobelium isotopes No252-254 were determined. These are the first direct mass measurements of transuranium elements, which provide new anchor points in this region. The heavy nuclides were produced in cold-fusion reactions by irradiating a PbS target with a Ca-48 beam, resulting in production rates of the nuclei of interest of about one atom per second. In combination with data from decay spectroscopy our results are used to perform a new atomic-mass evaluation in this region.

HIRFL束流发射度测量

本论文利用三剖面法和梯度法对HIRFL束流发射度进行了测量，并对这两种测量方法的系统误差，测量最佳条件和数据处理作了较详细地研究。通过测量，给出了HIRFL束流剖面。相图、横向密度分布和束流百分比-发射度特性曲线。对两种方法的测量结果作了比较，在误差范围内二者基本一致。测量结果如下：水平方向：束流百分比76%：EMH = 4.987 ± 0.287 mm mrad 90%：EMH = 9.887 ± 0.829 mm mrad垂直方向：束流百分比76%：EMV = 3.800 ± 0.254 mm mrad 90%：EMV = 7.554 ± 0.740 mm mrad

不同方法提取三种生态型沙地云杉总DNA的比较

沙地云杉为内蒙古特有树种,干旱适应性强,是我国西部重要造林树种。在长期适应干旱生态条件的过程中沙地云杉形成了紫果型、绿果型和红果型3种生态型。前期研究证明:紫果型沙地云杉有更强的抗旱能力,绿果型抗旱能力弱,红果型处于二者之间,是一个比较典型的过渡类型。本文从分子生物学的角度,详细叙述了沙地云杉总DNA的提取过程、方法,并对已知的植物DNA提取方法作了针对性的改良;对实验过程提取DNA的影响作了分析。为今后针对进行沙地云杉的植物基因研究和生物工程打下基础,对扩大沙地云杉造林面积和西部大开发的生态环境建设具有重要的指导意义。

长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO_2的响应(英文)

研究了2003 年夏季长白赤松和红松土壤微生物活性对高浓度CO2的响应规律。结果表明,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌数量受高浓度CO2影响显著(p < 0.05)减少;与对照箱(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)和裸地(350 μmol ·mol-1 CO2)相比,红松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性降低,而长白赤松土壤淀粉酶和转化酶活性却表现为增加;同时发现受700 μmol ·mol-1 CO2处理的红松和长白赤松土壤微生物生物量碳均表现为显著降低。DGGE 结果表明:受高浓度CO2 的影响,长白赤松和红松土壤细菌群落结构发生了明显的变化。研究结果表明土壤微生物对高浓度CO2的响应规律与所研究的的树种有关。图2 表2 参29。

低分子量有机酸对氧化亚铁硫杆菌影响

氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物淋滤修复重金属污染土壤研究报道很少,因为该菌对低分子量有机酸敏感。研究6种低分子量有机酸(甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸)对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌R2氧化Fe2+的影响,且利用高效液相色谱法测定沈阳冶炼厂和张士灌区重金属污染土壤中低分子量有机酸的浓度。结果表明,6种有机酸对R2氧化能力均具有抑制作用,且抑制顺序为:甲酸>乙酸>丙酸>草酸>苹果酸>柠檬酸。其中R2对甲酸最敏感,甲酸浓度为0.064 mmol/L时,抑制率达到60%;浓度为0.254 mmol/L时,R2氧化Fe2+的能力完全被抑制。液相色谱分析可知,冶炼厂和张士灌区土壤中有机酸的浓度很低,其中草酸含量最高,分别为0.04和0.149 mmol/L。尽管氧化亚铁硫杆菌对低分子量有机酸很敏感,但是试验土壤中低分子量有机酸的浓度远远低于硫杆菌的耐受限度。因此,分离菌株R2有望应用于重金属污染土壤的修复。

海岸林风害危险率评价的理论推导(英文)

本文在对间伐和风害之间关系的讨论和以往有关研究结果的基础上,确定了一种林木风害危险率的估计方法,用于评价间伐对林木风害的影响。这种对单株黑松及整个黑松林分的风害危险率估计,是根据风速廓线、枝条分布和透光分层疏透度(OSP)系数推导出来的。结果表明:如果枝条分布模型中的参数β等于单株树冠中风速廓线模型的衰减系数αs,参数H/D1.33可用于比较和评价对单株树木的风害危险率。这一原理也同样适用于整个林分,即用林分内风速廓线衰减系数α和透光分层疏透度(OSP)的分布中的衰减系数ν,结合D1.33估计和比较林分风害危险率。文中对间伐与非间伐单株黑松风害危险率进行了估计,得出了间伐两年后可以降低单株黑松风害危险率的结论;同时给出了确定林分风害危险率估计的过程图。图3参45。

基于生物多样性保护的河岸带植被管理对策——以长白山二道白河为例

以生物多样性十分丰富的长白山二道白河上游河岸带为研究对象,在分析河岸带植被管理对生物多样性保护的重要作用的基础上,提出了河岸带及其植被的科学管理对策,为河岸带的生物多样性保护提供理论模式,对河岸带开发利用过程中生态保护的有效实施提供借鉴。

几种植物生长调节物质对大花蕙兰组培原球茎增殖的影响

采用KC培养基 ,分别添加不同浓度的BA、KT、NAA及KT +NAA组合 ,对大花蕙兰初代培养已分化出的原球茎进行了继代培养。结果发现 :①BA可加快原球茎的增殖速度 ,但浓度超过0 .5mg/L后增殖速度有所下降 ,且原球茎变小呈暗绿色。②KT的促进增殖效果好于BA ,但浓度超过 1 .0mg/L时 ,增殖速度也有所下降 ,原球茎变小。③NAA促进原球茎增殖的效果明显好于BA、和KT ,但浓度大于 1 .0mg/L后增殖不再加快 ,而且部分原球茎有变褐现象。④在KT 0 .5～ 0 .7mg+NAA 0 .7～ 1 .0mg/L范围组合的KC培养基上 ,大花蕙兰原球茎增殖的速度和质量是比较理想的。考虑到较低的细胞分裂素和植物生长素有利于植物增殖过程中遗传性的稳定 ,选择KT0 .5mg+NAA 0 .7mg/L的KC培养基作为大花蕙兰原球茎增殖培养基

间伐对辽东山区长白落叶松人工林生境和更新的影响(英文)

为弄清间伐对落叶松人工林内环境因子,进而对落叶松林内天然更新的影响,在辽东山区对40年生落叶松人工林进行了5种不同强度的间伐试验(分别为0%、10%、20%、30%和40%)。间伐后,对环境因子和更新状况进行了观测。结果表明,林冠开阔度随间伐强度增大而增加,间伐后其林冠下光量子数量、地表平均温度、不同层次土壤平均含水量与空隙度大小成线形关系;落叶松人工林间伐一年内,更新树种丰富度没有显著变化,而更新密度和更新频度都明显增加(p<0.05)。更新树种数量增加与树种特性有关,增长幅度为阳性树种>耐荫树种。所有的更新树种中,对林冠开阔度变化响应最大的是黄波罗(Phellodendronamurense)。实验结果证实了辽东地区落叶松人工林间伐后,更新数量变化与周围保留的树种分布、树种特性和立地条件有关。图9表2参43。

Degradation products formed during UV-irradiation of humic waters

Natural humic lake water and aqueous solutions of humic substances were treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ = 254 nm). The effects on the dissolved organic carbon content (DOC) and the absorbance at 254 nm (Abs254) and 460 nm (Abs460) were monitored and the identity and concentrations of gas chromatographable organic degradation products were determined. The DOC content and the (Abs254) of the humic solutions decreased continuously with increasing UV-dose. Several aromatic and aliphatic degradation products were identified and roughly quantified The concentrations of aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acids and hydroxy aldehydes increased when relatively low UV-doses were used, but declined following further irradiation. The concentrations of aliphatic dibasic acids increased over the full range of UV-doses