Tin (IV) phthalocyanine oxide: An air-stable semiconductor with high electron mobility

Air-stable n-type field effect transistors were fabricated with an axially oxygen substituted metal phthalocyanine, tin (IV) phthalocyanine oxide (SnOPc), as active layers. The SnOPc thin films showed highly crystallinity on modified dielectric layer, and the electron field-effect mobility reached 0.44 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). After storage in air for 32 days, the mobility and on/off ratio did not obviously change. The above results also indicated that it is an effective approach of seeking n-type semiconductor by incorporating the appropriate metal connected with electron-withdrawing group into pi-pi conjugated system.

Phosphonate-Functionalized Polyfluorene as a Highly Water-Soluble Iron(III) Chemosensor

An anionic, phosphonate-functionalized polyfluorene, i.e., poly(9,9-bis(3'-phosphatepropyl)fluorene-alt-1,4-phenylene) sodium salt (PFPNa), has been synthesized by copolymerization of phosphonic acid-substituted 2,7-dibromofluorene and phenyldiboronic ester via direct Suzuki polycondensation reaction in DMF/water. Polymer PFPNa is highly soluble and emissive in water with a solubility of 60 mg/mL and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 75%. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of PFPNa are strongly dependent on pH value owing to the partial protonation of phosphate groups and the aggregation of the polymer chains.

The modification of self-assembled monolayer on indium tin oxide as cathode in inverted bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diodes

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of a series of p-substituted benzoyl chlorides were formed on indium tin oxide as the cathode for the fabrication of inverted bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (IBOLEDs). The studies on the efficiency of electron injection and device performances showed that the direct tunneling of electron and the formation of dipole associated with the monolayer-forming molecule lead to significant enhancement in electron injection. Consequently, the device efficiency is greatly improved.

A new oxidation state of aniline pentamer observed in water-soluble electroactive oligoaniline-chitosan polymer

A novel water-soluble electroactive polymer, aniline pentamer crosslinked chitosan (Pentamer-c-Chi), was prepared by condensation polymerization of the terminal carboxyl groups in aniline pentamer with the amino side groups in chitosan in aqueous solution. The carboxyl groups were activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (I)CC). The electrochemical behavior of aniline pentamer in this kind of crosslinked polymer was studied in acidic aqueous solution by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), UV-vis, and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.

Effect of secondary ligands' size on energy transfer and electroluminescent efficiencies for a series of europium(III) complexes, a density functional theory study

In this paper, a quantum chemistry method was used to investigate the effect of different sizes of substituted phenanthrolines on absorption, energy transfer, and the electroluminescent performance of a series of Eu(TTA)(3)L (L = [1,10] phenanthroline (Phen), Pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline (PyPhen), 2-methylprrazino[2,3-f][1,10] phenanthroline(MPP), dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DPPz), 11-methyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'c]phenazine(MDPz), 11.12-dimethyldipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(DDPz), and benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (BDPz)) complexes. Absorption spectra calculations show that different sizes of secondary ligands have different effects on transition characters, intensities, and absorption peak positions.

Novel Route to 2-Trifluoromethylated Benzofurans

A novel route for the synthesis of a variety of 2-trifluoromethylbenzofurans is reported. By selection of solvents, the key intermediates, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl phenyl acetates, were cyclized either to give 2-trifluoromethyl-substituted benzofurans or to yield trifluoromethyl modified o-alkynylphenols. The latter intermediates could also be cyclized to give 3-iodo-2-trifluoromethyl-substituted benzofurans.

The first liquid crystalline phthalocyanine derivative capable of edge-on alignment for solution processed organic thin-film transistors

Tetraoctyl-substituted vanadyl phthalocyanine (OVPc4C8) as a new NIR-absorbing discotic liquid crystalline material can form highly ordered thin films with edge-on alignment of the molecules and molecular packing mode identical to that in the phase II of OVPc for solution processed OTFTs with mobility up to 0.017 cm(2) V-1 s(-1).

The synthesis and properties of meso-tetra(4-alkylamidophenyl)porphyrin liquid crystals and their Zn complexes

A series of novel, long-chain-substituted, porphyrin derivatives, meso-tetra (4-alkylamidophenyl) porphyrin ligands and their Zn complexes (alkyl = 8,10,12,14,16,18) were prepared by acylation of the amino groups of 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin by alkyl chloride. Mesomorphism was investigated by DSC, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Only ligands containing chains > 12 carbon atoms displayed liquid crystalline behaviour, which exhibited a high phase transition temperature and a broad mesophase temperature span, Zn complexes showed no liquid crystalline behaviour. Cyclic voltammetry, luminescence spectra and surface photovoltage spectroscopy revealed that covalent linking of an alkylamido group to the tetraphenylporphyrin molecule influences, significantly, the properties of the porphyrin macrocycle.

Synthesis, characterization, photophysics and electrophosphorescent applications of phosphorescent platinum cyclometalated complexes with 9-arylcarbazole moieties

A series of cyclometalating platinum(II) complexes with substituted 9-arylcarbazolyl chromophores have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes are thermally stable and most of them have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The phosphorescence emissions of the complexes are dominated by (MLCT)-M-3 excited states. The excited state properties of these complexes can be modulated by varying the electronic characteristics of the cyclometalating ligands via substituent effects, thus allowing the emission to be tuned from bright green to yellow, orange and red light. The correlation between the functional properties of these metallophosphors and the results of density functional theory calculations was made. Because of the propensity of the electron-rich carbazolyl group to facilitate hole injection/transport, the presence of such moiety can increase the highest occupied molecular orbital levels and improve the charge balance in the resulting complexes relative to the parent platinum(II) phosphor with 2-phenylpyridine ligand.

Synthesis of Aromatic Oxide-Oxadiazoles Containing Pyridine Ring and Study on Their Spectral Properties

In order to explore new highly organic electroluminescent materials, six symmetrical aromatic oxide-oxadiazoles containing pyridine ring 4a similar to 4f were synthesized through cyclization of substituted benzoic acid (2) with 2,6-dihydrazide pyridine (3) by "one-pot" method in POCl3. Their structures were confirmed by MS, IR, H-1 NMR techniques and elemental analysis. The fluorescence spectra of the target compounds showed that the A,m ranged from 347 to 507 nm, and the maximum A,m were close to 384 nm, which showed that these compounds have good fluorescence with strong fluorescence intensity. When the 5-Br group was introduced into the aromatic ring (4e and 4f), the fluorescent emission wavelength took place Einstein shift, and the fluorescent intensity decreased a little. Using quinine bisulphate as a reference, the fluorescence quantum yields were all tested, and the introduction of 5-Br group had no visible effect on fluorescence quantum yield.

Synthesis and Spectrum of Novel Pyrazoline Fluorescent Compounds

Pyrazoline derivatives have been used widely in dyeing industry as fluorescent whitening agents due to their excellent capability. According to Schellhammer theory of the relation between chemical structure and fluorescent quality, six new fluorescent compounds were designed and synthesized which contained the benzothiazole group in the I-pyrazoline, the indole group in the 3-pyrazoline and the derivatives of phenyl in the 5-pyrazoline. The structure of target compounds was confirmed by IR, H-1 NMR, MS and elementary analysis. The fluorescence spectra showed that these compounds had good fluorescence. They could absorb ultraviolet light at near 353 nm. The fluorescence maximum emission wavelengths were about 430-443 nm. It was a kind of promising fluorescence compounds. The largest fluorescence emission wavelength and the fluorescence intensity were related to the substituted group of the compounds. When the 6-Br group was introduced into benzothiazole, the fluorescence emission wavelength exhibited a blue shift, and the fluorescence intensity increased.

Phosphorescence Color Tuning by Ligand, and Substituent Effects of Multifunctional Iridium(III) Cyclometalates with 9-Arylcarbazole Moieties

The synthesis, isomeric studies, and photophysical characterization of a series of multifunctional cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing a fluoro- or methyl-substituted 2[3-(N-plienylcarbazolyl)]pyridine molecular framework are presented. All of the complexes are thermally stable solids and highly efficient electrophosphors. The optical, electrochemical, photo-, and electrophosphorescence traits of these iridium phosphors have been studied in terms of the electronic nature and coordinating site of the aryl or pyridyl ring substituents. The correlation between the functional properties of these phosphors and the results of density functional theory calculations was made. Arising from the propensity of the electron-rich carbazolyl group to facilitate hole injection/transport, the presence of such a moiety can increase the highest-occupied molecular orbital levels and improve the charge balance in the resulting complexes relative to the parent phosphor with 2-phenylpyridine ligands. Remarkably, the excited-state properties can be manipulated through ligand and substituent effects that allow the tuning of phosphorescence energies from bluish green to deep red.

Uniaxial anisotropy and novel magnetic behaviors of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared in a magnetic field

CoFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared by chemical coprecipitation method in a magnetic field exhibit novel magnetic properties. The average particle diameter was about 2 nm and larger depending on the post annealing temperature. Magnetization measurements indicate that smaller nanoparticles are superparamagnetic above their respective blocking temperatures. In the blocked state, these nanoparticles exhibit interesting behaviors in the magnetic hysteresis measurements. Constricted, or wasp waisted with extremely narrow waist, hysteresis curves have been observed in the magnetization versus field sweeps. For larger nanoparticles, the room temperature hysteresis is typical of a ferromagnet with an open loop, but the loop closes at lower temperature. The novel magnetic behavior is attributed to the directional order of Co ions and vacancies in CoFe2O4 established during the coprecipitation of the nanoparticles under an applied field.

Highly 3,4-Selective Polymerization of Isoprene with NPN Ligand Stabilized Rare-Earth Metal Bis(alkyl)s. Structures and Performances

Deprotonation of (ArNHPPh2NAr2)-N-1 (H[NPN](n), n = 1 - 10) by Ln(CH2SiMe3)(3)(THF)(2) (Ln = Lu, Y, Sc, Er) generated a series of rare-earth metal bis(alkyl) complexes [NPN](n)Ln(CH2SiMe3)(2)(THF)(2) (1-10), which under activation with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)(4)] and AliBu(3) were tested for isoprene polymerization. The correlation between catalytic performances and molecular structures of the complexes has been investigated. Complexes 1-5 and 8, where Ar-1 is nonsubstituted or ortho-alkyl-substituted phenyl, adopt trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The Ar-1 and Ar-2 rings are perpendicular in 1-4 and 8 but parallel in 5. When Ar-1 is pyridyl, the resultant lutetium and yttrium complexes 9a and 9b adopt tetragonal geometry with the ligand coordinating to the metal ions in a N,N,N-tridentate mode, whereas in the scandium analogue 9c, the ligand coordinates to the Sc3+ ion in a N,N-bidentate mode. These structural characteristics endow the complexes with versatile catalytic performances, With increase of the steric bulkiness of the ortho-substituents Ar-1 and Ar-2, the 3,4-selectivity increased stepwise from 81.6% for lutetium complex 1 to 96.8% for lutetium complex 6 and to 97.8% for lutetium complex 7a. However, further increase of the steric bulk of the ligand led to a slight drop of 3,4-selectivity for the attached complex 5 (95.1%).

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Organic Sensitizers with Different Conjugated Linkers: Furan, Bifuran, Thiophene, Bithiophene, Selenophene, and Biselenophene

Six organic dyes with different conjugated linkers such as furan, bifuran, thiophene, bithiophene, selenophene, and biselenophene have been prepared in combination with the dihexyloxy-substituted triphenylamine donor and the cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. In conjunction with an acetonitrile-based electrolyte and a solvent-free ionic liquid electrolyte, these dyes exhibit 6.88-7.77% and 6.39-7.00% efficiencies, respectively. We have demonstrated that furan and selenophene can be employed as building blocks of sensitizers in stable solar cells for the first time. We have also studied the influence of heteroatoms on photocurrents and photovoltages with the aid of quantum calculations and transient photoelectrical decay measurements. Temperature-dependent electrical impedance experiments have shown that a relatively low external quantum efficiency of the dye with biselenophene linker is not related to the charge collection yield in the case of an acetonitrile electrolyte.