Ridge optical waveguide in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass produced by He+ ion implantation combined with Ar+ ion beam etching

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of a ridge optical waveguide in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass. The He+ ion implantation (at energy of 2.8 MeV) is first applied onto the sample to produce a planar waveguide substrate, and then Ar+ ion beam etching (at energy of 500 eV) is carried out to construct rib stripes on the sample surface that has been deposited by a specially designed photoresist mask. According to a reconstructed refractive index profile of the waveguide cross section, the modal distribution of the waveguide is simulated by applying a computer code based on the beam propagation method, which shows reasonable agreement with the experimentally observed waveguide mode by using the end-face coupling method. Simulation of the incident He ions at 2.8 MeV penetrating into the Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass substrate is also performed to provide helpful information on waveguide formation.

Effect of bismuth oxide on the thermal stability and Judd-Ofelt parameters of Er 3(+)/Yb3(+) co-doped aluminophosphate glasses

The Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped glasses with compositions of xBi(2)O(3)-(65-x)P2O5-4Yb(2)O(3)-11Al(2)O(3)-5BaO-15Na(2)O (where x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mol%) were prepared using the normal melt quench technique. The optical absorption spectra of the glasses were recorded in the wavelength range 300-1700 nm. The effect of Bi2O3 content on the thermal stability and absorption spectra of glasses was investigated. In addition, the Judd-Ofelt parameters and oscillator strengths were calculated by employing Judd-Ofelt theory. It was observed that the positions of the fundamental absorption edge and cut-off wavelength shifted towards red as the content of Bi2O3 increased. However, there were no red shifts found both in the peak wavelength and in the center of mass wavelength of all absorption bands with Bi2O3 content increasing. The results of Judd-Ofelt theory analysis showed that Judd-Ofelt parameters Omega(t), (t = 2, 4, 6) changed sharply when Bi2O3 concentration exceeded 5 mol%. The variation trends of experimental oscillator strength were similar with those of Judd-Ofelt parameters as function of Bi2O3 concentrations. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry experiments showed that the increases of Bi2O3 content weakened the network structure and then lowered the thermal stability of the glasses. The spontaneous emission probability A(rad), branching ratio beta and the radiative lifetime tau(rad) were also calculated and analyzed. The stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was calculated according to the McCumber theory. It was found that the stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ was monotonically increases with Bi2O3 content increasing. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

钕离子掺杂和钕铝共掺高硅氧玻璃的光谱性质研究

Nd-doped and Nd-Al-codoped high silica glasses were obtained by sintering porous glass impregnated with Nd3+ and Al3+ ions. The absorption, fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetime of Nd-doped and Nd-Al-codoped high silica glasses were measured. The intensity parameters Omega(1), ( t = 2, 4, 6), fluorescence lifetime, radiative quantum efficiency and stimulated emission cross section were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory. The effect of aluminum codoping on the fluorescence and structural properties of Nd-doped silica glass has been discussed. By comparing the spectroscopic properties with other Nd-doped oxide glasses and commercial silicate glasses, this Nd-doped high silica glass is likely to be a promising laser material for use in high power and high repetition rate lasers.

碱金属氟化物对掺Yb~(3+)氟磷酸盐玻璃析晶稳定性和光谱性质的影响

研究了碱金属氟化物对掺Yb3+氟磷玻璃的光谱性质和析晶稳定性能的影响。运用倒易法计算了Yb3+的发射截面。结果显示,LiF的引入对吸收和发射截面的提高作用较大并出现最佳引入量极值,其次为KF。碱金属氟化物的引入可提高二元体系的析晶稳定性能,使玻璃网络结构得到改善;拉曼光谱显示二元体系中引入YbF3后玻璃网络结构得到增强,而在引入碱金属氟化物的三元体系中掺杂YbF3后破坏了网络完整性,降低系统析晶稳定性能。

808 nm 抽运的Ho3+，Tm3+及Er3+掺杂的氟磷酸盐 玻璃的2.0 μm 光谱性质研究

2.0 μm spectroscopic properties of Er³⁺/Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ triply-doped fluorophosphate glasses pumped by 808 nm and the energy transfer mechanisms between the three rare earth ions were investigated. J-O theory was used to calculate the parameters of Ho³⁺ in fluorophosphate glasses. Absorption and emission cross-sections and the gain coefficients were calculated. The obtained lifetime r and spontaneous transition probability Ar of Ho³⁺:⁵I7 level were 10.64 ms and 93.95 s^-1 respectively. The calculated maximum emission cross-section of 2.0 μm was 9.26×10^-21 cm². The energy transfer analysis indicated that the cross-relaxation of Tm³⁺ was important and the resonent energy transfer in Er³⁺&rarrHo³⁺, Tm³⁺&rarrHo³⁺, Er³⁺&rarrTm³⁺&rarrHo³⁺ process was the main channel. The study revealed that the Er³⁺/Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺ triply-doped fluorophosphate glass would be a potential material for 2.0 μm emission because of the efficient sensitization of Er³⁺ and Tm³⁺ to Ho³⁺.

Spectroscopic and structural properties of YbF3-doped fluorophosphate glasses

Compositional influences on the spectroscopic properties of Yb3+ and the structural variations with the introduction of YbF3 were studied in fluorophosphate glasses. Emission cross-section (sigma(emi)) and gain coefficient (sigma(emi) x tau(f)) were calculated which exhibit maximum at RF2 = 33 mol%. YbF3 has an important effect on the glass forming ability of fluorophosphate glasses when RF2 is over 36 mol%. The study of Raman spectra showed big differences on the glass structure between non-Yb3+ and Yb3+ -doped glasses. The main building units in Yb3+-doped samples are metaphosphate groups, pyrophosphate groups (P-2(O,F)(7), PO3F), Al[F-6] +Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3 while those of the non-Yb3+-doped glasses are monophosphate group P(O,F)(4), little pyrophosphate group, Al[F-4] + Al[F-6] + Al[O,F](4) + Al[O,F](6) and F3Al-O-AlF3, which means Yb3+ ions contribute to a better glass polymerization and network uniformity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Broadband amplification and upconversion luminescence properties of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluorophosphate glass

Broadband and upconversion properties were studied in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluorophosphate glasses. Large Omega(6) and S-ed/(S-ed + S-md) values and the flat gain profile over 1530-1585 nm indicate the good broadband properties of the glass system. And a premise of using Omega(6) as a parameter to estimate the broadband properties of the glasses is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. Results showed that fluorescence intensity, upconversion luminescence intensity, the intensity ratio of red/green light (656 nm/545 nm) are closely related to the Yb3+:Er3+ ratio and Er3+ concentration, and the corresponding calculated lifetime of F-4(9/2) and S-4(3/2) states for red and green upconversion samples proves this conclusion. The upconversion mechanism is also discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Novel erbium-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses: thermal and spectroscopic properties

Er3+-doped TeO2-based oxysulfide glasses have been prepared in argon atmosphere in carbon crucibles. The thermal analysis and spectroscopic properties of Er (3+) have been considered in terms of sulfide influence. As a function of composition, we have principally measured optical absorption, spontaneous emission and lifetime measurements. Judd-Ofelt theory was introduced to calculate bandwidth and emission cross-section. The results show the product FVMM x sigma(c) increase from 476.8 8 to 635.04 10(-21) cm(2) nm evidently with the addition of 10 mol% PbS into tellurite glass, which indicates a perfect effect on spectra property of Er3+ ions. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of PbF2 on the spectroscopic, lasing and structural properties of Yb3+-doped fluorophosphate glass

Effect of PbF2 on Yb3+ -doped fluorophosphate glasses is studied. Results indicate that proper amount of PbF2 has absolute advantages in improving the crystallization stability of fluorophosphate glasses. T, value performs a decreasing and increasing tendency with 25 mol% PbF2 as the turning-point. And the spectroscopic properties such as absorption and emission cross section, effective fluorescence linewidth are apparently enhanced with PbF2 over 25 mol%. Lasing parameters beta, I-sat and I-min increase slightly with the addition of PbF2. Raman analysis proves that over 20 mol% PbF2, destroys the phosphate vibration groups greatly. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of F- ions on physical and spectroscopic properties of Yb3+-doped TeO2-based glasses

The effects of F- ions on physical and spectroscopic properties of the Yb3+ in tellurite glass system are investigated. The results show that the glass system takes on good thermal stability with the content of ZnF2 lower than 15 mol%, both the emission cross-section and the fluorescence lifetime of Yb3+ ions increase evidently which indicate that such oxyfluoride tellurite glass system is a promising laser host matrix for high power generation. FT-IR spectra were used to analyze the effect of F- ions on the structure of tellurite glasses and OH- groups in this glass system. Analysis demonstrates that addition of fluoride decreases the symmetry of the structure of tellurite glasses which increases the emission cross-section and removes the OH- groups, and which improves the measured fluorescence lifetime of Yb3+ ions. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fluorescence lifetime increasing with F- ions into ytterbium-doped germanium-lead-tellurite glasses

The effects of F- ions in a germanium-lead-tellurite glass system oil the spectral and potential laser properties of the Yb3+ are investigated. The absorption spectra, lifetimes, the emission cross-sections and the minimum pump intensities of the glass system with and without F- ions have been measured and calculated. The results show that the fluorescence lifetime and the minimum pump intensity of Yb3+ ions increase evidently, which indicates that germanium lead-oxyfluoride tellurite glass is a promising laser host matrix for high power generation. FT-IR spectra were used to analyse the effect of F- ions on OH- groups in this glass system. Analysis demonstrates that addition of fluoride removes the OH- groups and results in improvement of fluorescence lifetime of Yb3+.

Spectral properties and stability of Er3+-doped TeO2-WO3 glass

Er3+-doped TeO2-WO3 glass was fabricated and characterized by absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, Raman spectrum and stability. The Judd-Ofelt parameter ohm(t)(t = 2, 4, 6) were calculated from the absorption spectrum by the Judd-Ofelt theory. The fluorescence spectrum indicates that the fluorescence width at half-maximum (FWHM) is 66nm. The stimulated emission cross-section of Er3+ in TeO2-WO3 glass at 1532 nm was calculated to be 0.80 x 10(-20) cm(2) by McCumber theory. The phonon energy of TeO2-WO3 glass is found to be 931 cm(-1). The difference between crystallization onset temperature and glass transition temperature Delta T is 112 degrees C. These results show that Er3+-doped TeO2-WO3 glass has higher stability and good spectral properties, which were useful for broadband amplifier. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+-doped tungsten-tellurite glass for waveguide amplifier application

Tungsten-tellurite glass with molar composition of 60TeO(2)-30WO(3)-10Na(2)O has been investigated for developing planar broadband waveguide amplifier application. Spectroscopic properties and thermal stability of Er3+-doped tungsten-tellurite glass have been discussed. The results show that the introduction Of WO3 increases significantly the glass transition temperature and the maximum phonon energy. Er3+-doped tungsten-tellurite glass exhibits high glass transition temperature (377 degrees C), large emission cross-section (0.91 x 10(-20) cm(2)) at 1532 nm and broad full width at half maximum (FWHM), which make it preferable for broadband Er3+-doped waveguide amplifier application. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.