溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Pb(Zr_(0.52)Ti_(0.48))O_3

以醋酸铅 ,硝酸氧锆 ,钛酸四丁酯为原料用溶胶 -凝胶法制备了纳米 Pb( Zr0 .52 Ti0 .48) O3 ( PZT)。结果表明 ,随溶剂中乙二醇单甲醚与水的比例的增大 ,PZT粉体的晶化温度增高 ,晶粒的粒径尺寸也增大 ,当V( C3 H8O2 ) / V( H2 O) =4 .4 7时 ,不仅凝胶完成时间短 ,且可得到粒度分布集中、晶化温度低的 PZT粉体。用原子力显微镜测定 PZT的粒径为 6 0～ 70 nm,用 TG-DTA分析确定在 4 43℃即可发生晶化反应 ,在 5 0 0℃下结晶完善。通过对不同温度下热处理的粉体的红外光谱和 X射线衍射的分析 ,对溶胶 -凝胶法制备 PZT粉体形成钙钛矿结构的过程进行了研究。

盐酸介质中 P_(507) 萃取 Pb(Ⅱ)的平衡

通过实验，研究了２－乙基已基膦酸单（２－乙基已基）酯，在盐酸介质中萃取铅的规律和机理，为荧光级稀土生产提供了理论依据。

Preparation of Pb-Ca-Na master alloy using molten chloride salt electrolysis

An electrolysis technique for co-deposition of Ca2+ and Na+ at the liquid lead cathode was put forward. The experiment was carried out at an electrolysis temperature below 650 degrees C and had a current efficiency of 98%, which are respectively 100 similar to 300 degrees C lower and 15% similar to 30% higher than those reported both at home and abroad.

Comparative study on the doping effect of 3d elements in Bi(1.5)Pb(0.2)Sr(2)Ca(2)Cu(2.8)M(0.2)O(y) (M=Sc,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni, or Zn)

With XRD, R-T, and ac chi measurements a comparative study on the doping effects of 3d elements in Bi(1.5)Pb(0.2)Sr(2)Ca(2)Cu(2.8)M(0.2)O(y) (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn) has been carried out. The effects of the former five members are significantly different, both on phase formed and on T-c, from the latter four. It seems that the effect on phase stabilization correlates with the valency of the doped cation. In connection with the instability of the 2223 phase, the correlation has been discussed.

Probabilistic distribution of one-phase structure seminvariants for an isomorphous pair of structures: Theoretical basis and initial applications

Given a special type of triplet of reciprocal-lattice vectors in the monoclinic and orthorhombic systems, there exist eight three-phase structure seminvariants (3PSSs) for a pair of isomorphous structures. The first neighborhood of each of these 3PSSs is defined by the six magnitudes and the joint probability distribution of the corresponding six structure factors is derived according to Hauptman's neighborhood principle. This distribution leads to the conditional probability distribution of each of the 3PSSs, assuming as known the six magnitudes in its first neighborhood. The conditional probability distributions can be directly used to yield the reliable estimates (0 or pi) of the one-phase structure seminvariants (1PSSs) in the favorable case that the variances of the distributions happen to be small [Hauptman (1975). Acta Cryst. A31, 680-687]. The relevant parameters in the formulas for the monoclinic and orthorhombic systems are given in a tabular form. The applications suggest that the method is efficient for estimating the 1PSSs with values of 0 or pi.

高Jc Ag-Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O超导材料

Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y-Ag_x、Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.3)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y-Ag_x和Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.3)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_(3.2)O_y-Ag_x系列的超导材料是用固相反应的方法合成的。原料为分析纯AgNO_3、PbO、Bi_2O_3、CaCO_3、SrCO~3和CuO。把试剂按所需配比混和研磨后,在800℃烧12h,研磨压片,片子在850℃烧结200h,破碎、研磨后,按配比加入AgNO_3·800℃灼烧12h,再次研磨、压片,850℃再烧结200h,炉冷至室温。

一种新型的铅钙板栅合金——Pb-Ca-Sn-Al-Na

钠加到Pb—Ca—Sn—Al合金中,可以改善它的延伸率和浇铸性能。对于Pb—Ca—Sn—Al合金来说,钠是有效的变晶剂,它的最佳含量是0.01～0.077％。

HDPE-g-PB接枝共聚物的合成及其与聚丁二烯的共混

利用~(60)Co辐照合成了HDPE与丁二烯的接枝共聚物,PE-g-PB。动态力学试验表明,它与PB较PE与PB有更好的相容性。PB含量相同时PB/PE-g-PB共混物比PB/PE共混物有较高的抗张强度和断裂伸长率。前者中两相分布较均匀,相区尺寸较小。

组成和制备条件对Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O材料超导电性的影响

制备了一系列 Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O 超导材料。在一定范围内,不同组分的 Bi—Pb—Sr—Ca—Cu—O 样品都能得到接近单110K 相的材料,但样品性能差别极大.性能的好坏极大地依赖着组成条件。烧结温度过高或过低都不利于提高样品的临界电流密度,850℃的烧结温度是较合适的,长时间烧结有利于110K 相的形成。样品烧结完成后,应缓慢降温退火,以保证材料充分吸氧。

钼系1,2-PB结构与性能的研究

本文利用DSC,红外光谱,核磁共振等方法研究了四价钼体系聚合所得1,2-PB的结构与性能,讨论了1,2-PB的分予链结构对物理性能的影响,并将玻璃化温度与链结构参数间的关系式修订为:T_s=91v+220S~2—106,该式能够很好地描述钼系催化合成的高乙烯基聚丁二烯。

Major element, trace element, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope studies of Cenozoic basalts from the South China Sea

The whole rock K-Ar ages of basalts from the South China Sea basin vary from 3.8 to 7.9 Ma, which suggest that intra-plate volcanism after the cessation of spreading of the South China Sea (SCS) is comparable to that in adjacent regions around the SCS, i.e., Leiqiong Peninsula, northern margin of the SCS, Indochina block, and so on. Based on detailed petrographic studies, we selected many fresh basaltic rocks and measured their major element, trace element, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope compositions. Geochemical characteristics of major element and trace element show that these basaltic rocks belong to alkali basalt magma series, and are similar to OIB-type basalt. The extent of partial melting of mantle rock in source region is very low, and magma may experience crystallization differentiation and cumulation during the ascent to or storing in the high-level magma chamber. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of these basaltic rocks imply an inhomogeneous mantle below the South China Sea. The nature of magma origin has a two end-member mixing model, one is EM2 (Enriched Mantle 2) which may be originated from mantle plume, the other is DMM (Depleted MORB Mantle). Pb isotopic characteristics show the Dupal anomaly in the South China Sea, and combined with newly found Dupal anomaly at Gakkel ridge in Arctic Ocean, this implies that Dupal anomaly is not only limited to South Hemisphere. In variation diagrams among Sr, Nd and Pb, the origin nature of mantle below the SCS is similar to those below Leiqiong peninsula, northern margin of the SCS and Indochina peninsula, and is different from those below north and northeast China. This study provides geochemical constraints on Hainan mantle plume.