Detection and Characterization of Long-Pulse Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Plastic Bonded Explosives

Damage not only degrades the mechanical properties of explosives, but also influences the shock sensitivity, combustion and even detonation behavior of explosives. The study of impact damage is crucial in the vulnerability evaluation of explosives. A long-pulse low-velocity gas gun with a gas buffer was developed and used to induce impact damage in a hot pressed plastic bonded explosive. Various methods were used to detect and characterize the impact damage of the explosive. The microstructure was examined by use of polarized light microscopy. Fractal analysis of the micrographs was conducted by use of box counting method. The correlation between the fractal dimensions and microstructures was analyzed. Ultrasonic testing was conducted using a pulse through-transmission method to obtain the ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation. Spectra analyses were carried out for recorded ultrasonic signals using fast Fourier transform. The correlations between the impact damage and ultrasonic parameters including ultrasonic velocities and attenuation coefficients were also analyzed. To quantitatively assess the impact induced explosive crystal fractures, particle size distribution analyses of explosive crystals were conducted by using a thorough etching technique, in which the explosives samples were soaked in a solution for enough time that the binder was totally removed. Impact induces a large extent of explosive crystal fractures and a large number of microcracks. The ultrasonic velocity decreases and attenuation coefficients increase with the presence of impact damage. Both ultrasonic parameters and fractal dimension can be used to quantitatively assess the impact damage of plastic bonded explosives.

连续移动三维瞬态激光熔池温度场数值模拟

详细介绍了在ANSYS软件平台上，建立连续移动三维瞬态激光熔池温度场计算模型的方法，计算模型中考虑了材料表面温度对激光吸收率的影响及材料相变过程对激光熔池温度场的影响。系统分析了连续移动三维激光熔池温度场随时间的变化规律。通过该计算模型，可以掌握激光加工过程中连续移动激光熔池的加热和冷却规律。计算结果表明，当激光沿45#钢基板表面由一端向另一端沿直线扫描时，由于热传导的作用，激光熔池温度随时间增加而升高，同时连续移动熔池表面温度最高点不在激光束中心，而是稍稍偏后于激光束中心。在相同激光工艺参数下，计算熔池横截面尺寸与实验所测熔池横截面尺寸相吻合，表明所建立的连续移动熔池温度场计算模型是正确和可靠的。

Numerical Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration in the Slope with a Fracture

With the finite volume method, a 2D numerical model for seepage in unsaturated soil has been established to study the rainfall infiltration in the fractured slope.The result shows that more rain may infiltrate into the slope due to existing fracture and then the pore pressure rises correspondingly. Very probably, it is one of the crucial factors accounting for slope failure. Furthermore a preliminary study has been conducted to investigate the influence of various fracture and rainfall factors such as the depth, width and location of a crack, surface condition, rainfall intensity and duration. Pore pressure and water volumetric content during the transient seepage are carefully examined to reveal the intrinsic mechanism.

Electron Beam Surface Treatment. Part I: Surface Hardening of AISI D3 Tool Steel

The effects of electron beam surface hardening treatment on the microstructure and hardness of AISI D3 tool steel have been investigated in this paper. The results showed that the microstructure of the hardened layer consisted of martensite, a dispersion

改进型液排渣煤粉燃烧器实验研究

对传统的液排渣型锅炉煤粉燃烧器进行了优化设计，并用五孔探针对改进后的燃烧室流场进行了冷态试验研究，测定了空气动力场特性。并对不同配风参数进行了热态实验，测量了室内温度场分布。试验表明，燃烧室有较高的燃烧强度和灰渣熔化率，该燃烧室内的温度水平基本达到国外同类设备水平。

Microstructure and wear resistance of in situ TiCp composite coating by laser cladding

A new in situ method was realized by one step laser cladding to produce Ni-base alloy composite coating reinforced by in situ reacted and gradiently distributed TiCp particles. The submicron TiCp particles were formed and uniformly distributed because of the in situ reaction and trapping effect under the rapid solidification condition. And, TiCp particles were of gradient distribution on a macro scale and their volume fraction increased from 1.86% at the layer/substrate interface to a maximum 38.4% at the surface of the layer. Furthermore, the in situ generated TiCp/gamma-Ni interfaces were free from deleterious surface reactions. Additionally, the clad coating also revealed a high microhardness of gradient variation with the layer depth and the superior abrasive wear resistance.

泥石流的流变特性

根据实验结果, 将泥石流的流变关系分为稀性和粘性泥石流两类情况进行了分析，并由流变模型给出明渠中泥石流的垂向速度分布。

Boundary knot method for 2D and 3D Helmholtz and convection-diffusion problems under complicated geometry

The boundary knot method (BKM) of very recent origin is an inherently meshless, integration-free, boundary-type, radial basis function collocation technique for the numerical discretization of general partial differential equation systems. Unlike the method of fundamental solutions, the use of non-singular general solution in the BKM avoids the unnecessary requirement of constructing a controversial artificial boundary outside the physical domain. The purpose of this paper is to extend the BKM to solve 2D Helmholtz and convection-diffusion problems under rather complicated irregular geometry. The method is also first applied to 3D problems. Numerical experiments validate that the BKM can produce highly accurate solutions using a relatively small number of knots. For inhomogeneous cases, some inner knots are found necessary to guarantee accuracy and stability. The stability and convergence of the BKM are numerically illustrated and the completeness issue is also discussed.

Thermal Properties Measurement of Micro-Electromechanical System Sensors by Digital Moire Method

The thermal properties of a micro-electromechanical system sensor were analysed by a novel digital moire method. A double-layer micro-cantilever sensor (60 mu m long, 10 mu m width and 2 mu dm thick) was prepared by focused ion beam milling. A grating with frequency of 5000 lines mm- I was etched on the cantilever. The sensor was placed into a scanning electron microscope system with a high temperature device. The observation and recording of the thermal deformation of the grating were realised in real-time as the temperature rose from room temperature to 300 degrees C at intervals of 50 degrees C. Digital moire was generated by interference of the deformed grating and a digital virtual grating. The thermal properties including strain distribution of the sensor and the linear expansion coefficient of polysilicon were accurately measured by the phase-shifted moire patterns.

Temperature measurement of reflected shock wave by using chemical indicator

This report describes a new method for measuring the temperature of the gas behind the reflected shock wave in shock tube, corresponding to the reservoir temperature of a shock tunnel, based on the chemical reaction of small amount of CF4 premixed in the test gas. The final product C2F4 is used as the temperature indicator, which is sampled and detected by a gas chromatography in the experiment. The detected concentration of C2F4 is correlated to the temperature of the reflected shock wave with the initial pressure P-1 and test time tau as parameters in the temperature range 3 300 K < T < 5 600 K, pressure range 5 kPa < P1 <12 kPa and tau similar or equal to 0.4 ms.

Reduction Approaches for Vibration Control of Repetitive Structures

The reduction approaches are presented for vibration control of symmetric, cyclic periodic and linking structures. The condensation of generalized coordinates, the locations of sensors and actuators, and the relation between system inputs and control forces are assumed to be set in a symmetric way so that the control system posses the same repetition as the structure considered. By employing proper transformations of condensed generalized coordinates and the system inputs, the vibration control of an entire system can be implemented by carrying out the control of a number of sub-structures, and thus the dimension of the control problem can be significantly reduced.

低渗透裂缝油藏渗吸法采油数值模拟理论研究

根据低渗透裂缝油藏渗吸法采油渗流机理，建立了双孔双渗渗吸法采油数学模型，并给出了数值解法和流动系数的取值方法。通过实例验证，该方法计算的含水率指标与矿场实际值符合程度较高。在此基础上，定量分析了渗吸法采油的主要影响因素，结论是：裂缝与基质渗透率比大于100，裂缝密度大于0.030条/m，油水粘度比小于15，毛管力较大的水湿油藏适合渗吸法采油，能够提高水驱采收率1%以上。

Peierls-Nabarro model of interfacial misfit dislocation: An analytic solution

We propose a method to treat the interfacial misfit dislocation array following the original Peierls-Nabarro's ideas. A simple and exact analytic solution is derived in the extended Peierls-Nabarro's model, and this solution reflects the core structure and the energy of misfit dislocation, which depend on misfit and bond strength. We also find that only with beta < 0.2 the structure of interface can be represented by an array of singular Volterra dislocations, which conforms to those of atomic simulation. Interfacial energy and adhesive work can be estimated by inputting ab initio calculation data into the model, and this shows the method can provide a correlation between the ab initio calculations and elastic continuum theory.

Wave Propagation Analysis in a Pressure-Wave-Refrigerator

Pressure wave refrigerators (PWR) refrigerate the gas through periodical expansion waves. Due to its simple structure and robustness, PWR may have many potential applications if the efficiency becomes competitive with existing alternative devices. In order to improve the efficiency, the characteristics of wave propagation in a PWR are studied by experiment, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. Based on the experimental results and numerical simulation, a simplified model is suggested, which includes the assumptions of flux-equilibrium and conservation of the free energy. This allows the independent analysis of the operation parameters and design specifics. Furthermore, the optimum operation condition can be deduced. Some considerations to improve the PWR efficiency are also given.