Proteasome and NF-kappa B inhibiting phaeophytins from the green alga Cladophora fascicularis

Chemical examination of the green alga Cladophora fascicularis resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new porphyrin derivative, porphyrinolactone (1), along with five known phaeophytins 2-6 and fourteen sterols and cycloartanes. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of its NMR data with those of known phaeophytins. Compounds 1-6 displayed moderate inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, while 2 and 4 displayed potential inhibitory activity toward proteasome chymotripsin-like activation. The primary structure-activity relationship was also discussed.

Unprecedented 5,5-connected (4(7)center dot 6(3)) (4(8)center dot 6(2)) structural topology: A lead biphosphonate with double layered structure

A new lead(II) phosphonate, Pb[(PO3)(2)C(OH)CH3]center dot H2O (1) was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, UV, TGA, SEM, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray crystallographic study showed that complex 1 has a two-dimensional double layered hybrid structure containing interconnected 4- and 12-membered rings and shows an unusual (5,5)-connected (4(7) . 6(3)) (4(8) .6(2)) topology. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区UV-B的气候变化特征

分析祁连山海北高寒草甸地区2002年太阳总辐射（Eg）、UV-B及UV-B占Eg比例的气候变化特征。结果表明：海北站地区UV-B较强，日瞬时最高接近10W•m^-2，日总量最高达0．204MJ•m^-2；日、年变化依Eg的日、年变化具有显著的正相关关系。UV-B与Eg的比值（η），不论是日变化还是年变化表现明显，一日间早晚低，中午高，一年间6月最高，冬季的12月低，与太阳高度角的变化具有一定的正相关关系。年平均η约为0．54％，植物生长期的5～9月约为0．65％。在海北高寒草甸地区Eg和UV-B的年总量分别达6387．436MJ•m^-2和35．981MJ•m^-2。

不同海拔地区紫外线B辐射状况及植物叶片紫外线吸收物质含量的分析

对不同海拔地区的太阳 UV- B辐射和植物叶片的光学特性进行了比较研究。结果表明 :位于高海拔地区的海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站 ,太阳 UV- B辐射明显高于相近纬度的西宁、兰州和南京地区。UV- B辐射与总辐射和 PAR的日变化规律相似 ,都受太阳高度角的直接影响 ,在当地太阳正午时最高。UV- B/Q的日变化也为单峰曲线 ,海北站地区的 UV- B/Q高于西宁的同期测定结果。对珠芽蓼等植物的研究表明 ,生长于海北站地区的珠芽蓼 ,其叶片中紫外线吸收物质的含量明显高于西宁的同种植物 ,也略高于海拔较高的达坂山和小达坂山山顶的同种植物。叶绿素含量以海北站珠芽蓼最低 ,达坂山和小达坂山的同种植物最高。珠芽蓼叶片中类胡萝卜素的含量以西宁最低, 海北站、达坂山和小达坂山依次升高。海北站矮嵩草与从海北站移植到西宁生长4年的同种植物相比, 叶片中紫外线吸收物质、叶绿素、类胡萝卜素的变化与生长于两地区的珠芽蓼相同。

Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variation and phylogenetics of the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes (Teleostei : Cyprinidae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The complete 1140 bp mitochondial cytochrome b sequences were obtained from 39 individuals representing five species of all four genera of highly specialized schizothoracine fishes distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene was surveyed among the 39 individuals as well as three primitive schizothoracines and one outgroup. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the group assignment based on 1140 bp of the cytochrome b sequence is obviously; different from previous assignments, and the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes (Schizopygopsis pylzovi, Gymnocypris przewalskii, G. eckloni, Chuanchia lablosa, and Platypharodon extremus) form a monophyletic group that is sister to the clade formed by the primitive schizothoracine fishes (Schizothorax prenanti, S. pseudaksaiensis, and S. argentatus). The haplotypes of Schizopygopsis pylzovi and G. przewalskii were paraphyletic based on cytochrome b data, which most likely reflected incomplete sorting of mitochondrial DNA lineages. The diploid chromosome numbers of Schizofhoracinae were considered in phylogenetic analysis and provided a clear pattern of relationships. Molecular dating estimated for highly specialized schizothoracine fishes suggested that the highly specialized schizothoracine fishes diverged in the late Miocene Pliocene to Pleistocene (4.5x10(4)-4.05x10(6) Years BP). The relationship between the cladogenesis of highly specialized schizothoracine fishes and geographical events of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is discussed.

陕北何家集区延长组长4＋5－长6储层特征研究

Abstract： Hejiaji area lies on eastern part of Shanbei Slope in Ordos Basin and the primary oil-bearing bed is Chang 4＋5 and Chang 6 of Yanchang Formation. It is indicated that the sedimentary facies and reservoir characteristics restricted the hydrocarbon accumulation regularity by the geological information. Therefore, Applied with outcrop observation，core description, geophysical logging interpretation, thin section determination, Scanning Electron Microscope, reservoir lithology and physical property analysis and other analytic machinery, the sedimentary facies ,micro-characteristic and master control factors on hydrocarbon reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Hejiaji area are studied deeply by means of sedimentology，reservoir geology and petroleum geology and provide a reliably reference for later prospect . Delta facies are identified in Hejiaji area and of which distributary channels in delta plain microfacies controlled the distribution of sand bodies and accumulation of oil and gas.The distribution of sand bodies distributed from northeast to southwest are dominated by sedimentary facies . It was shown that the sandstones are medium to granule arkose，which the mud matrix is r and including，calcite，the content of matrix is lower and that mostly are cements which are mainly quartz and feldspar overgrowths and chlorite films, in the second place are hydromica and ferrocalcite. All the sandstones have entered a period of late diagenetic stage in which the dominant diagenesis types in the area are compaction, cementation and dissolution. Remnant intergranular porosity and feldspar dissolved pore are main pore types which are megalospore and medium pore. Medium-fine throat, fine throat and micro-fine throat are the mainly throat type. Pore texture can be classified as megalospore and fine throat type, medium-pore and micro-fine throat type mainly, and they are main accumulate interspace in research region. The reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Hejiaji area is low- pore and low- permeability in the mass which have strong heterogeneity in bed, interbedded and plane. Studying the parameter of pore and permeability comprehensively and consulting prevenient study results of evaluation of reservoir, the reservoir is classifiedⅡ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ three types in which the Ⅱand Ⅲ can be divided into Ⅱa and Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb respectively. Ⅱb and Ⅲa are the main reservoir type in Hejiaji area which are about 72.73％and 80％percent of whole reservoir and effective reservoir respectively.

塔A和塔B地区古地温与热演化史研究

1）依据镜质组反射率（或由沥青、无定形干酪根换算成的镜质组反射率）拟合计算沉积盆地及生油层古地温是一种比较实用而又简便可行的方法。2）从十二口井井温数据分析，除X6井(2.0℃/100M)和X1井(2.05℃/100M)外，其它十口井的现地温梯度均小于2℃/100M。塔里木盆地的现地温梯度是较低的。3）拟合计算古地温的结果表明，塔B和塔A地区古地温梯度偏低半呈下降的趋势：塔B地区古生代隆起区古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M，凹陷区为3.0℃/100M，中生代古地温梯度为2.5-2.7℃/100M，新生代古地温梯度为2.0-2.2℃/100M。塔A及塔C地区：古生代隆起区的古地温梯度为3.5℃/100M，凹陷区为3.0℃/100M；中生代古地温梯度为2.5℃/100M，新生代为2.0-2.2℃/100M，今地温梯度为2.0℃/100M。4）古地温拟合计算结果表明：塔B地区志留系至二叠系地层基本被剥蚀，有的部位下古地层也遭到部分剥蚀。寒武-奥陶系总厚度在3000-4000米以上，生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末到石炭纪（522-342Ma），目前普遍处在干气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从奥陶纪末期一直持续到第三纪，90%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动以后）之后（见图3-12），目前普遍处于凝析油-湿气阶段。塔A地区志留、泥盆系基本被剥蚀殆尽，而寒武-奥陶系基本未被剥蚀，总厚度在2000-4000米之间。寒武系底的生油期从寒武纪末期到泥盆纪（511-362Ma），至今大部分处于生气阶段。奥陶系底的生油期从泥盆纪一直到第三纪（404-40Ma），约30%的地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动）之后（见图3-？），至今部分生油岩处于生气阶段。由于受加里东和海西运动的影响，塔A和塔B地区古生界地层普遍存在“二次生油”的现象。两地区石炭-二叠系一般在第三纪开始生油，生油期普遍较短。相对塔B和塔A地工而言，塔C地区受构造运动而遭剥蚀的程度要小得多。寒武-奥陶系总厚度范围为2100-8200米，因此生油层的生油期持续时间很长。寒武系底的生油期从中寒武世到石炭纪（536.5-305Ma）。奥陶系底的生油期从晚奥陶世一直到第三纪晚期（439.5-16.5Ma），仅少数地区生油高峰期在泥盆纪末（早海西运动）之后，目前大部分处于凝析油-湿气到干气阶段。石炭、二叠、三叠及侏罗系生油层目前大都处于“生油窗”内。总之，本区是塔A和塔B地区的主要油源区。5）通过对有机包裹体类型和荧光性质的鉴定、数量的统计、以及盐水溶液包裹体均一温度的测定，可以初步了解有机质热演化程度及含油气情况。6）对中生代样品，Tmax反映的成熟度与其它参数基本一致，而对于古生代样品，由于样品成熟度增大，Tmax失去指示成熟度的作用。原油和生油岩生物标志化合物反映的成熟度基本上与其它指标一致，因此在缺乏反射率资料的地区，可用生物标志化合物近似反映成熟度的变化。

Perovskite-type B-site Bi-doped ceramic membranes for oxygen separation

Novel mixed conducting oxides, B-site Bi-doped perovskites were exploited and synthesized. Cubic perovskite structures were formed for BaBi0.2COyFe0.8-yO3-delta (y less than or equal to 0.4) and BaBixCo0.2Fe0.8-xP3-delta (x=0.1-0.5) The materials exhibited considerable high oxygen permeability at high temperature. The oxygen permeation flux of BaBi0.2Co0.35Fe0.45O3-delta membrane reached about 0.77 x 10(-6) mol/cm(2) s under an air/helium oxygen partial pressure gradient at 900 degrees C, which was much higher than that of other bismuth-contained mixed conducting membranes. The permeation fluxes of the materials increased with the increase of cobalt content, but no apparent simple relationship was found with the bismuth content. The materials also demonstrated excellent reversibility of oxygen adsorption and desorption. Stable time-related oxygen permeation fluxes were found for BaBi0.2CO0.35Fe0.45O3-delta and BaBi0.3Co0.2Fe0.5O3-delta a membranes at 875 degrees C.