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对青藏高原东北部两个不同海拔地点(互助,2460m和海北,3200m)的露蕊乌头Aconitum gymnandrum的传粉生态学进行了比较研究。研究结果表明高海拔居群的单花花期、雄性期持续时间、雌性期持续时间比低海拔长。露蕊乌头不存在无融合生殖现象,尽管高度自交亲和,但产生种子必须依赖传粉媒介。熊蜂是露蕊乌头的主要传粉昆虫,两个居群均存在传粉限制。熊蜂取食花蜜为主,在同一个花序上的访问顺序以由下向上为主,但在互助居群和海北居群有3.9%和2.7%的访花是由上向下进行的。统计发现有37.7%和29.3%的访问行为发生在同一植株内;因此,同株异花传粉造成的自交在露蕊乌头中仍然不能避免。低海拔居群的熊蜂种类和访花频率均高于高海拔居群,但自然状态下两个居群的结实率并没有显著差异。高海拔露蕊乌头居群可能具有较长的柱头持续时间,从而补偿了由于访花频率低带来的结实率降低。

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Precipitation is considered to be the primary resource limiting terrestrial biological activity in water-limited regions. Its overriding effect on the production of grassland is complex. In this paper, field data of 48 sites (including temperate meadow steppe,temperate steppe, temperate desert steppe and alpine meadow) were gathered from 31 published papers and monographs to analyze the relationship between above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and precipitation by the method of regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a great difference between spatial pattern and temporal pattern by which precipitation influenced grassland ANPP. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the main factor determining spatial distribution of grassland ANPP (r~2 = 0.61,P < 0.01); while temporally, no significant relationship was found between the variance of AN PP and inter-annual precipitation for the four types of grassland. However, after dividing annual precipitation into monthly value and taking time lag effect into account, the study found significant relationships between ANPP and precipitation. For the temperate meadow steppe, the key variable determining inter-annual change of ANPP was last August-May precipitation (r~2= 0.47, P = 0.01); for the temperate steppe, the key variable was July precipitation (r~2 = 0.36, P = 0.02); for the temperate desert steppe, the key variable was April-June precipitation (r~2 = 0.51, P <0.01); for the alpine meadow, the key variable was last September-May precipitation (r~2 = 0.29, P < 0.05). In comparison with analogous research, the study demonstrated that the key factor determining inter-annual changes of grassland ANPP was the cumulative precipitation in certain periods of that year or the previous year.

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对祁连山海北高寒草甸地区近夏至日微气象观测分析表明: (1) 14:00 (北京时,下同) 太阳总辐射瞬时值最高可达1061 W·m-2 , 净辐射、反射辐射、光合有效辐射和紫外辐射分别为670、218、380 和168 W·m-2 , 分别约为太阳总辐射的58 %、20 %、36 %和14 % , 6 月下旬日平均反射率约为0. 22 ; (2) 土壤热通量、感热通量和潜热通量瞬时值最大分别为91、274 和362 W·m-2 , 相应占净辐射的比例为20 %、38 %和42 %; (3) 地—气温度在一定范围的水平和垂直方向变化较为剧烈, 大气逆温约出现于20 :00 至次日11 :00 , 午夜01 :00 最强; (4)风速阵性强, 有显著日变化的时间性分布。

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本文概述了图象压缩编码的原理和方法,并提出了一种改进的基于方向分解的图象压缩编码方法,实验结果表明,对于一般的室内和室外的景物图象,当压缩比高达50 :1时,其恢复图象的视觉效果仍然较好。

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地质环境中硒具有多种形态,不同形态的硒具有显著差异的地球化学特性差异,影响着地质环境中硒的迁移、循环、生物可利用性和毒性.

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1分散元素成矿研究概况。分散元素通常是指镉、镓、锗、铟、硒、碲、铊和铼等8种元素。由于它们在地壳中的平均含量低(一般为10^-9~10^-6级),不易形成独立矿物,难以发生有意义的富集。大百科全书云:“分散元素不形成独立矿床,它们以伴生元素方式存于其他元素的矿床内”。因此,长期以来,分散元素多被作为其他矿床的伴生组分,并侧重于含量和赋存状态两方面研究。

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随着实验地球化学的快速发展,元素在熔/流体系中的分配行为引起研究者的广泛关注。自二十世纪70年代以来,研究者对元素在硅酸盐熔/流体系中的分配行为进行了大量研究,并取得了一些重要成果。本文对近30年来国内外在谊领域的研究现状进行了归纳、总结,探讨了固相组成、金属元素本身的物理化学性质、流体组分中阴、阳离子对硅酸盐熔/流体系中元素分配行为的影响,并指出了当前研究中存在的主要问题,希望对今后的实验研究起到一定的借鉴作用。