The antioxidant activity of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan

Chitosan (CS) with two different molecular weights was modified by reacting with 4-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride or 2-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfo-chloride to give new 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-di-sulfanimide)-chitosan (2-HCBSAHCS, 2-HCBSALCS, 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS). The structure of the derivatives was characterized by FT-IR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were investigated employing various established systems, such as hydroxyl radical ((OH)-O-center dot)/superoxide anion (O-2(radical anion)) scavenging/reducing power and chelating activity. All the derivatives showed stronger scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical than chitosan and ascorbic acid (Vc), and IC50 of 4-HCBSAHCS, 4-HCBSALCS, 2-HCBSAHCS and 2-HCBSALCS was 0.334, 0.302, 0.442, 0.346 mg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of the derivatives toward superoxide radical by the PMS-NADH system were strong. The results showed that the superoxide radical scavenging effect of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan was higher than chitosan. The derivatives had obviously reducing power and slight chelating activity. The data obtained in in vitro models clearly establish the antioxidant potency of 2-(4(or 2)-hydroxyl-5-chloride-1,3-benzene-disulfanimide)-chitosan. (C) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站辐射气候特征

以2000—03到2001—02的辐射观测资料，分析了海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站地区辐射及各分光辐射的变化特征．将为高寒草甸生态系统的物质循环、能量流动、草地生产力形成机制等问题的研究提供科学依据。结果表明：海北站区Eg、Er、UV、PAR、NIR和En具有明显的日、年变化，年内其总量分别达6278．867MJ／m^2、1515．139MJ／m^2、311．242MJ／m^2、2576．777MJ／m^2、3397．404MJ／m^2和2542．950MJ／m^2，其中在植物生长期的5—9月分别为3181．215MJ／m^2、698．021MJ／m^2、165．955MJ／m^2、1133．965MJ／m^2、1673．871MJ／m^2和1668．805MJ／m^2。年内Er、UV、PAR、NIR和Eh占Eg的比例分别为0．242、0．048、0．410、0．540和0．410，在植物生长期分别为0．219、0．052、0．413、0.528和0．527。对Eg和PAR提出了下列形式的模拟求算式．Eg=Eg0（0．089．7＋0．9768S／S0）和PAR=-3.8044＋0.4177％，模拟效果较好，可利用有关常规气象观测资料进行估算。

东天山红山高硫型浅成低温铜-金矿床氧化带的形成机理和硫酸盐矿物的系列发现及意义

Located in the Paleozoic uplift along the southern margin of Tu-Ha basin in eastern Xinjiang, the newly discovered Hongshan Cu-Au deposit occurs in the superimposed Mesozoic volcanic basin upon the north section of later Paleozoic Dananhu-Tousuquan accretionary arc. Kalatage Cu-Au orebelt is controlled by NWW-trend faults, and includes Hongshan and Meiling Cu-Au deposits. The host rocks of Hongshan ore district are mainly rhyolitic-dacitic ignimbrites, whereas Cu-Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and granitic porphyry. Mineralization styles are dominantly veinlet-disseminated and veinlet, occasionally stockwork. The mineral association is chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite and sphalerite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicfication, sericitization, alunitization, pyrophylitization, illitization, hydromuscovitization, and chloritization. Hongshan Cu-Au deposit, on the edge of the desert, is one of the driest areas in eastrn Tianshan. Moreover， the highest temperature has been up to 60℃, and the average rainfall receives only 34.1mm/y. The light rainfall and rapid evaporation in the vicinity of this deposit have allowed the formation of a great variety of water-soluble sulfates. Oxidization zone of this deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies appearing with a depth of 50-60m, which is dominant in sulfate minerals. 1. Based on the field observation, the volcanic and sub-volcanic rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, ore structure and mineralization characteristics, this paper proposed that the Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to a transitional type from high-sulfide epithermal to porphyry Cu-Au deposit, which corresponds with the typical HS-epithermal deposit such as Zijinshan Au-Cu deposit in Fujian Province, SE-China. 2. The Hongshan copper-gold deposit was controlled by the tectonic, stratum, magma activity and volcanic apparatus, whereas Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and fine grained pyritization in hydrothermal activity, and Cu mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry and hydrothermal explosive breccia. 3. Oxidation zone of Hongshan Cu-Au deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies deposit. 23 sulfate minerals were identified in this work. The results of samples XRD and chemical analysis were furthermore confirmed through thermal, infrared spectrum and mössbauer spectrum analysis. Among those, nine minerals as Ferricopiapite, Cuprocopiapite, Rhomboclase, Parabutlerite, Krausite, Yavapaiite, Metasideronatrite Kroehnkite and Paracoquimbite were founded in China for the first time. And Paracoquimbite was secondly reported in the world (first case reported at 1938 in Chile). 4. EPMA analysis shows that Al impurity in crystal lattice is important to polytype formation of paracoquimbite and coquimbite besides stack fault. 5. Compared with Meiling Cu-Au deposit in the same Kalatage ore belt from the characteristics of δ34S of barite, lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration and homogeneous temperature, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to the same metallogenic system of HS-epithermal type as Meiling Cu-Au deposit. But Hongshan Cu-Au deposit has less extensive alteration and shallower denudation. 6. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of pyrites vary in the range of +1.86‰~+5.69‰, with an average of 3.70‰, mostly in the range of +1.86‰~+3.20‰, and δ34Scp<δ34Spy. Therefore ore-forming fluid of porphyry comes from mantle and was contaminated by the earth’s crust. Sulfur isotope has reached balance in ore-forming process. 7. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of sulfates vary in the range of +2.15‰~+6.73‰, with an average of +3.74‰, mostly equals as δ34S values of primary sulfides in Hongshan Cu-Au deposit. So supergene sulfates inherit sulfur of primary sulfide. δ34S values are mostly same in different sulfates. As well as pyrite and chalcopyrite, volcanic hot spring and associated native sulfur underground also provide water medium and sulfur during the formation process of sulfate. 8. According to the EPMA of sample chalcopyrite and pyrite in Hongshan Cu-Au, the value of Cu/Ni is 0.98-34.72, mostly close to the value of 5, which shows that Hongshan deposit is a typical volcanogenic magmaic hypothermal deposit. Au and Ag, Zn, Te and Bi are positive correlation, Cu and Hg, Se, Sb are positive correlation, indicates Au and Cu don’t locate in the factor of mineralization of same mineralization groups. The reasons of gold concentration in the oxidation zone are: 1). Change of redox potential (Eh) makes gold to deposit from the liquid of mineralization zone; 2). PH is one of the most factors of gold’s deposition; 3). Soluble complex and colloid of gold can be adsorbed easily. 9. The biotite and hornblende K-Ar isotopic ages from the wall rock－quartz diorite, biotite granite and monzonite granite are 231.99±3.45Ma, 237.97±2.36Ma and 296.53±6.69Ma respectively. The ore-bearing rhyolitic breccia lava contains breccia of the biotite granite which indicates the volcanism and related Cu-Au mineralization occurred later than the granite, possibly in Mesozoic. K-Ar ages of granitoids in Sanya, Baishiquan and Hongliugou area and Molybdenite Re-Os age of Baishan Mo deposit all are in Triassic. Besides late Paleozoic magmatism, igneous magmatic event of Mesozoic was widespread in eastern Tianshan. 10. The K-Ar age dating indicates that the K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 1m is 56.02±3.98Ma, K-Ar age of Ferricopiapite occurred below surface 1.5m is 8.62±1.12Ma, K-Ar age of Yavapaiite occurred below surface 14 m is 4.07±0.39Ma, and K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 10 m is 14.73±1.73Ma. So the age interval of oxidation zone of Hongshan copper-golden bed is between 60 -3.38Ma. Oxidization occurred at Caenozoic era (from 65Ma), which can be identified through comparing with different deposits oxidation zone in other countries. The coupling between global tectonic event and climatic change event which occur from Caenozoic era has some effect on epigeosphere system, which can act on the surface of bed oxidation zone similarly. It induces that the age mentioned above coincide with collision of India-Asia and multistage uplifting of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau happened subsequently. Bed oxidation zone is the effect and record of collision and uplifting of Tibet Plateau. The strong chemical weathering of surface accumulation to which was leaded by PETM event occurred Paleocene and Eocene is the reason of Voltaite sharply rises. On the contrary, Ferricopiapite formed due to the global cold weather. The predecessor did much research through biota, isotopes, susceptibility, but this paper try to use different sulfate mineral instead of climatic change. So the research of sulfate minerals not only indicates a great deal of oxidized zone feature, but also the intergrowth of sulfate minerals may be used to trace paleoenviroment and paleoclimate of oxidation zone. 11. Analysis of the information of alteration and mineralization features of four bore cores, induced activity polarization well logging and Eh-4 geophysical section, deep mineralization anomaly objects of Hongshan ore districts shows low resistance, middle and high polarization, measurements of Eh-4 consecutive conductance section show the existing of concealed porphyry ore body deeper than 450m, on the top of and around rock body there are low resistance body ranged from 100-300Ω•m, this area may be the ore-bearing part. In a word, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit deposit is a combine of upper HS-style epithermal Au deposit and deeper porphyry mineralization system. It has great potential to find large HS-style epithermal-porphyry Au-Cu deposits. This paper consists of seven chapters and twenty seven sections. The geological character of deposit is basic condition in this work. Constitute of oxidation zone, research of sulfate mineral, relation between oxidation and primary zone, K-Ar ages of potassic sulfate are key parts of thesis. Genesis of ore deposit is the further expansion of this research. Analysis of ore-controlling factors is the penetration above basic. Analysis of potential is application of exploration.

洱海沉积物间隙水中溶解有机质的地球化学特性

对洱海沉积物间隙水中溶解有机质(DOM)含量、紫外一可见吸收、荧光以及分子量等的垂直分布特征进行了研究。结果表明，DOC含量在沉积物一水界面明显富集，随后急剧下降，6cm处达到最小值，随后呈上升趋势。DOC与吸光度值、荧光发射光谱强度之间具有一定的线性相关关系。DOM的E3／EAL值范围在1-6之间，绝大多数在1—3．5之间。表征DOM中腐殖质来源的指标荧光指数值处于1．48—1．59之间，说明DOM以陆源输入为主。此外，洱海沉积物间隙水DOM分子量分布呈多峰分布模式，重均分子量(Mw)值在1462—1953Da之间，数均分子量(Mn)值在547—900Da之间，多分散性系数ρ值在2．02—3．05之间。随着沉积深度增大，Mw和Mn有略微的增大趋势，但变化不大。沉积物的氧化还原条件、微生物活动以及铁、锰氧化物等在沉积剖面的差异是控制间隙水中DOM各种地球化学特性的主要因素。

不可提取态有机质对菲和萘的吸附过程的影响

土壤对疏水性有机污染物的吸附实际上是土壤中矿物和有机质两部分共同作用的结果。土壤有机质的作用相当重要，因为与矿物相比，它通常对疏水性有机污染物具有较大的热力学亲合力。因此，土壤吸附有机污染物机理的研究主要是从土壤有机质的角度进行的。土壤有机质组成复杂，主要包括非特异性有机质和腐殖质，其中腐殖质约占有机质总量的50％-80％，包括胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素。早期的实验研究认为疏水性有机污染物在土壤有机质相中表现为线性分配，可以用平衡分配系数来描述。但是，随着实验研究的深入，平衡分配模型不能合理解释疏水性有机污染物的一些吸附特征，如非线性吸附、溶质竞争吸附以及解吸过程的滞后现象等。后来，Weber和Huang提出土壤吸附有机污染物的三端元模型。同时Pignatello和Xing提出双模式吸附模型。都认为土壤有机质存在明显的不均匀性，并且提出了“软碳”与“硬碳”的概念.

大兴安岭南段早二叠世两类火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

大兴安岭南段二叠系大石寨组发育两套火山岩，即林西地区拉斑玄武岩系列的细碧－角斑岩类和大石寨地区钙碱性岩石系列玄武岩和玄武安山岩类。细碧岩的主元素以富铁为特征，成分类似于N－MORB，微量元素表现为岛弧拉斑玄武岩的地球化学特征。细碧岩类形成于大石寨裂陷槽强烈拉张的中心位置，是地幔源区较高程度部分熔融的产生。大石寨地区玄武岩和玄武安山岩类的化学成分表现为大陆缘弧火山岩的地球化学特点，形成于大石寨裂隙槽拉张中心以外的环境，是地幔物质较低程度部分熔融和地壳物质严重混染的产物。大石寨裂隙槽中火山岩的这种独特的成分和组合特点可能反映了裂隙槽的形成是一个快速而短暂的强烈拉张过程。

恩施硒中毒区土壤高硒的成因：自然硒的证据

在湖北恩施渔塘坝土壤硒分布的调查过程中，发现不同地段田地土壤中存在异常高硒样品。其硒含量变化范围是346～2018mg／kg，平均（899±548）mg／kg（n=11），相对于坝内成土基岩和耕作土硒含量0．5mg／kg与3．5mg／kg的水平而言，表明这些土壤硒受到了外来源硒的严重污染。扫描电子显微镜的观察表明，这些土壤样品中均有大量晶体状自然硒的出现，其特征类似燃煤型成因的自然硒，证实了上世纪50年代后期恩施当地居民石煤火熏土作肥的耕作方式，并直接导致了田地土壤硒的骤然增加。渔塘坝当地居民在1963年间的硒中毒爆发性流行，乃至恩施地区人畜硒中毒的普遍流行，极可能是人为因素引起.

硒同位素测试技术进展及其地质应用

硒同位素作为非传统稳定同位素的重要组成部分，由于具多价态、多质量数、同位素分馏效应大的特点，已成为目前发展最迅速的同位素之一。本文在综合前人研究成果基础上，结合笔者最新的研究成果，对硒同位素的测试技术做了较全面总结，内容包括样品的化学前处理(TCF技术)、在线的氢化物发生器系统、质谱测试技术、参考物质的标定等，并就自然界中硒同位素的组成、分馏机制及应用潜力做了评述。

云南金宝山岩体岩浆起源的微量元素模式分析

金宝山镁铁一超镁铁岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省一个典型的岩浆Cu-Ni—PGE成矿岩体。在根据成岩机制概算原始岩浆微量元素含量的基础上，通过模式计算，表明原始岩浆强不相容元素相对富集型式不可能由现有原始地幔或亏损地幔模型的单一源区熔融或融体混合作用形成，原始岩浆起源于类似OIB源的地幔柱高程度熔融，熔融程度在2o％左右。

湖北渔塘坝硒矿区发现超富集硒植物

通过野外调查在渔塘坝硒矿区首次发现了一种新的硒超富集植物-遏蓝菜（Thlaspi arvense L．）。调查结果发现，在自然生长条件下，一年生遏蓝菜叶子中富集硒可高达1427mg／kg，生物富集硒系数可高达68，地上部硒含量最低也超过了500mg／kg，生物富集硒系数最低也超过了10，表现为叶〉根〉叶柄的硒富集特征。多年生遏蓝菜叶、茎和根的硒含量分别为104～163；231～346；444～459mg／奴，生物富集硒系数为2．6～12．4，均大于1，显示出根〉茎〉叶的硒富集特征。尽管多年生遏蓝菜远没有一年生遏蓝菜的硒含量高，但远比一般植物硒含量高，达到了次生硒蓄积植物富集硒的水平，显示遏蓝菜植物可以超富集硒。渔塘坝遏蓝菜的发现将为研究硒在植物中的吸收、转化、富集机理以及提取有效抗癌有机硒化物和修复硒污染生态环境提供新的材料。

云南哀牢山地区构造岩石地层单元及其构造演化

依据新获得的同位素年代学资料和构造岩石地层单元，重新认识了云南哀牢山造山带形成与演化历史。认为：在哀牢山地区元古界深变质岩系属基底的造层；前造山期岩石组合及构造演化为扬子地块西缘被动大陆边缘志留纪深水相碎屑岩→陆缘泥盆纪被动裂谷盆地中火山－沉积岩→石炭纪哀牢山有限洋盆及蛇绿岩石组合→晚二叠世－早三叠世哀牢山洋－陆碰撞成陆及弧火山岩－陆相碎屑岩组合。燕山期主造山期及岩石级合为晚三叠世－侏罗纪前陆盆地磨拉石建造－同造山期中酸性侵入岩－燕山期脆性剪切带及构造岩，喜马拉雅山期陆内造山成原的岩石组合为第三－第四纪陆内山间盆地中磨拉石建造－红河韧性剪切带及构造岩－富碱侵入岩和煌斑岩。

游离烃技术在沙漠覆盖区构造含油气评价中的应用

简述游离烃技术的方法及其特点,并介绍其在沙漠覆盖区构造含油气性评价中的应用实例。

水库对乌江河流汞生物地球化学循环的影响

本论文的主要研究内容有以下三个方面：（1）蒸馏一乙基化GC-CVAFS法测定天然水体中甲基汞方法的建立及应用；（2）乌江表层河水不同形态汞分布特征的研究；（3）以乌江中上游干流不同年龄水库（乌江渡水库和东风水库）为例，探讨水库对乌江河流汞输送的影响及水库内汞的迁移转化。通过本论文的研究，取得以下成果：1．建立了一种基于蒸馏一乙基化结合气相色谱（GC）一冷原子荧光（CVAFS）测定天然水体中甲基汞的分析方法。水样中甲基汞经蒸馏后与四乙基硼化钠反应生成挥发性的甲基乙基汞，由氮气吹扫捕集于Tenax管，然后由GC-CVAFS测定。该方法的回收率为88.2％-108.4％，平均相对标准偏差为5．4％。取45mL水样测定，方法的最低检出限为0.009ng/L。该方法能准确测定天然水体中甲基汞的含量，步骤简洁、快速，明显优于国内目前使用的其余测定水体甲基汞的方法。2．乌江表层河水总汞的浓度分别为：丰水期659ng/L，枯水期16.9ng/L，明显高于北美和欧洲一些没受污染的河流，表明乌江流域已存在一定程度的污染。乌江河水汞的主要形态为颗粒态汞，其占总汞的比例为丰水期84％，枯水期占52％，乌江河流汞的分布、迁移行为主要受颗粒态物质控制。3．根据输入一输出通量模型，估算出东风水库总汞净通量为-57785.1g/yr，占总汞输入量的40.2％；乌江渡水库总汞净通量为-23273.7g/yr，占总汞输入量的14.0％，两个水库都表现为总汞的“汇”。与总汞相反，两个水库都表现为甲基汞的“源”，东风水库甲基汞净通量为+284.7g/yr，占甲基汞总输入量的4.4％；乌江渡水库甲基汞的净通量为＋6622.0g/yr，占甲基汞总输入量的80.1％。乌江渡水库甲基汞的“源”作用显著大于东风水库。4．乌江渡水库和东风水库水体总汞和甲基汞都呈现明显的季节变化，表现为春季＞冬季、夏季。乌江渡水库水体总汞平均为冬季9.0ng/L、春季16.0ng/L、夏季7.9ng/L；东风水库水体总汞平均为冬季8.2ng/L、春季12.5ng/L、夏季9.4ng/L。水体甲基汞的平均值分别为：乌江渡水库冬季0.74ng/L、春季0.97ng/L夏季0．89ng/L；东风水库冬季0.74ng/L、春季1.12ng/L、夏季0.38ng/L。水库水体甲基汞与总汞之间有相关关系，但未达极显著水平（乌江渡水库，r=0.451*，n=24；东风水库，r=0.471*，n＝27）。水库内汞和甲基汞的形态、含量以及分布受外源性输入、降水稀释、水库初级生产力水平以及水库运行方式等因素控制。5．乌江渡水库和东风水库沉积物总汞明显高于其它未受污染地区水库沉积物总汞。乌江渡水库沉积物总汞含量为254.7±44.3ng/g，东风水库沉积物总汞为171.0±23.0ng/g。两个水库沉积物总汞没有季节变化，且在沉积物垂直剖面上也没有明显的浓度梯度变化。与总汞相反，两个水库沉积物甲基汞在垂直剖面上有明显的梯度变化和季节变化。无机汞的甲基化作用主要发生在沉积物表层5cm以内。沉积物中甲基汞含量受微生物活性影响显著，通常在水库生物生产量和营养物输入量较大时甲基汞浓度也较高。沉积物甲基汞含量在两个水库都表现为冬季＜春季＜夏季，甲基汞含量以及甲基汞占总汞的比例为东风水库＜乌江渡水库。6．沉积物间隙水中无机汞的含量没有显著的季节变化；与此相反，沉积物间隙水中甲基汞浓度表现出明显的季节变化。沉积物间隙水中甲基汞在垂直剖面上的分布趋势与沉积物中甲基汞的分布趋势相一致，沉积物间隙水中甲基汞含量与沉积物中甲基汞含量呈显著性相关（乌江渡水库，r=0.770**，n＝75；东风水库，r＝0.675**,n＝75）。7．沉积物间隙水中无机汞和甲基汞是水体中无机汞和甲基汞的“源，，i但对乌江渡水库和东风水库而言，由于水体深度较大，水力停留时间较短，间隙水中扩散出来的甲基汞和无机汞对水库内水体中相应形态汞含量的影响程度有限。但这种影响作用为甲基汞＞无机汞，乌江渡水库＞东风水库。8．因采集的鱼多为人工饲养鱼（生长速度快、食物链短），两个水库鱼体总汞和甲基汞含量均低于国家食用标准。但乌江渡水库鱼体甲基汞含量以及甲基汞占总汞的比例均高于东风水库。可见，乌江流域水库鱼体甲基汞含量不取决于水库年龄，而受水库内水生食物链底端食物中甲基汞的含量控制。9．通过本论文的研究，得出由于被淹没土壤有机质含量较低，乌江流域水库无机汞甲基化的驱动力为水库内源性输入有机质。在一定的时间范围内，随着水库的发育，水库初级生产力水平的提高，内源性有机质输入量增加，会显著促进沉积物中无机汞的甲基化进程。