153 resultados para 34 cal ka BP


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The loess-paleosol sequences in China are among the best continental records of paleoclimate changes. Although numerous sedimentological and geochemical studies have contributed greatly to the understanding of past climate changes during this period, it is still necessary to decipher more details through investigating these sequences using various approaches including biological analyses. In this study, we analyze the mollusk fossil assemblages preserved in the upper part of the Xifeng section, from the fifth loess layer (L5) to the Holocene soil (S0), with the sampling interval of 10 cm. The main results and conclusions obtained are as follows: 1. A continuous terrestrial mollusk fossil record, covering the past 500 ka, has been obtained from the Xifeng loess-paleosol sequence, which provides important biological data for the study of paleoenvironmental changes in the Loess Plateau and its comparison with marine record during this period. A total of 475 mollusk assemblages were studied, and twenty-one species have been identified among the 210,000 mollusk individuals counted. Among these species, most have modern representatives and are found in previous terrestrial mollusk studies of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences. Thus, they can be grouped into cold-aridiphilous, thermo-humidiphilous, oriental, and cool-humidiphilous ecological groups, as defined by previous studies. 2. Comparison of mollusk assemblages between the last five glacials and four interglacials and Holocene shows very different climate conditions. The warmest period occurred at MIS 11, MIS 5e, and Holocene, respectively. The coldest period is the Last Glacial Maximam, rather than the MIS 12. 3. Our mollusk record provides insight into the climate conditions in the Loess Plateau during the MIS 11, interpreted as the closest analog to the present interglacial. S4 paleosol, equivalent of MIS 11, developed under two major different climate regimes: ranging from the very warm–humid early phase to the mild-cool late interval. Furthermore, a cooling spell has been documented at the interglacial optimum, reflecting unstable climate conditions. The early warm–humid conditions lasted over 30 ka, supporting that MIS 11 is a unique long interglacial in the Quaternary climate history. 4. Comparison of MIS 11 and Holocene climates based on the mollusk species compositions indicates major differences. The climate at the early part of MIS 11 was warmer and more humid than during the Holocene optimum period, but the conditions during the late part of MIS 11 were similar to or cooler than late Holocene. Our study indicates that the extent of warming during the Holocene might be significantly less than the conditions that prevailed during the early part of MIS 11 interglacial period. 5. Two strong summer monsoon events were observed during the MIS 12 and MIS 10. They correspond to the maximam values of insolation gradient between low and high latitudes, suggesting a causal linkage. 6. Our study, combined with the previously investigated Luochuan land snail record, reveals that the climate in the Loess Plateau during MIS 3 experienced three stages: relatively warm, humid climate prevailed during MIS 3c, relatively cold, dry climate during MIS 3b, and relatively warm-humid period during MIS 3a. Climate at this time fluctuated frequently in Luochuan, and changed from warm-cool to cold-dry in Xifeng. Our results reveal that the relatively warm-humid climate during MIS 3c may be resulted from an increasing insolation gradient controlled by obliquity. Our result also reveals that obvious regional difference existed in the Loess Plateau during MIS 3. A greater climate gradient occurred during this time compared with today’s climate pattern in the Loess Plateau.

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In this study we examined samples of sandy sediments along the north-south transects crossing the Taklimakan Desert, the Badain Jaran Desert and the Hunshandake Sandy Land respectively. The grain size was measured via dry sieving, and the carbonate content by means of an Eijkelkamp instrument. The analyses of grain size and carbonate contents show: (1) The sand grains of the Badain Jaran Desert are coarsest and best sorted, this should be associated with the strongest usual wind among these three regions. (2) The different desert have its special wind condition in their own regions. The Badain Jaran Desert and the Taklimakan Desert both show that the wind is getting weaker from north towards south, but the Hunshandake Sandy Land have the similar wind stress from north towards south. (3) The frequency curves of the sandy sediments from the Badain Jaran Desert show a kind of distinct double peaks, presumably associated with the alternative transportations of summer and winter monsoons in the north boundaries of the summer monsoon. (4) There are great differences of the carbonate contents among these three regions, this maybe associated with the humidity, the humidity of Hunshandake Sandy Land is the best, and the one of the Taklimakan Desert would be the worst among them. Analyses of The three profiles about grain size and carbonate contents show: (1) From 8ka BP, the winter-monsoon was getting weaker, and the summer-monsoon accordingly became stronger, and about 1 ka later, the winter-monsoon was getting stronger again. (2) In the stage of the profiles, there maybe show two circles of dry and wet climate, and the climate changes in those three regions show the similar trend.

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对乌江丰水期河水硫酸盐的硫同位素组成特征进行了研究。SO^2- 4平均浓度为0.48mmol/L,δ^34S值为-11.5‰~8.3‰,干流河水834S值为-6.7%。~-3.9‰。河水的硫同位素组成主要受岩石风化及大气降水的影响,具有明显的区域性分异特征:上游碳酸盐岩地区河水的SO^2- 4浓度高而834s值低,SO^2- 4主要来源于煤中黄铁矿的氧化、矿床硫化物的氧化和大气降水;下游碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩地区河水中的SO^2- 4浓度低而δ^34 S值高,SO^2- 4主要来源于大气降水和石膏溶解,煤中黄铁矿氧化生成的硫酸盐所占比重较低。乌江河水向贵州省外输出的SO^2- 4。通量为172×10^10g/a,丰水期占全年SO^2- 4输出总量的72%。来自煤、硫化物、雨水和蒸发岩的硫对丰水期河水中SO^2- 4的平均贡献分别为:50%、25%、20%和5%。H2s04对碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率为35.1t/km^2/a(17.5mm/ka),由此降低大气CO2消耗速率3.66×10^5moL/km^2/a.

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根据决定上覆土层厚度的碳酸盐岩建造中的泥质含量,贵州碳酸盐岩地区的岩石组合类型可分为连续性碳酸盐岩组合、碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩组合、碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层组合,按贵州碳酸盐岩的风化溶蚀速率平均值49. 67 mm/ ka计算了碳酸盐岩不同岩石组合类型的成土速率,并以此作为相应岩石类型地区的土壤允许流失量。连续性碳酸盐岩组合地区土壤允许流失量小于6. 84 t/ (km2 ·a) ,为土壤侵蚀极度敏感区;碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩组合.地区土壤允许流失量小于45. 53 t/ (km2 ·a) ,为土壤侵蚀重度敏感区;碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层组合地区土壤允许流失量小于103. 46 t/ (km2 ·a) ,为土壤侵蚀中度敏感区。说明贵州碳酸盐岩地区的土壤侵蚀分级标准存在空间分异。强度石漠化主要分布在土壤允许流失量小于6. 84 t/ (km2 ·a) 的连续性碳酸盐岩地区,尤其是连续性石灰岩地区分布最广。

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Metallocene based polyethylenes were prepared by SMOPEC's "metallocene adduct" technology in a gas phase fluidized bed model reactor. The C-13-NMR spectra of ethylene/1-butene (S-34) and ethylene/1-hexene(S-43) copolymers were studied in a manner analogous to that established by Hsieh and Cheng. The comonomer sequence distributions of copolymer samples were obtained. The results show that these metallocene based copolymers contain a small amount of butene and hexene, and the EE and EEE sequences are dominant.

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