D型人格与冠心病患者身心健康的关系

D型人格（指经历消极情感和社交压抑的综合行为模式）作为冠心病的心理危险因素，得到了广泛的关注。本研究在中国人群中首次探索D型人格与冠心病的关系。作者建构了心理、行为、生理、医学相结合的综合研究框架，采用问卷调查法、临床实验法以及访谈法，考察D型人格对冠心病患者身心健康的影响，以及可能的行为和生理机制。结果表明： 1．D型人格量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度。根据消极情感≧10且社交压抑≧10的划分标准，D型人格在我国冠心病人群和健康人群中的分布比例均为31％。 2．A型人格与D型人格的共同点在于消极情感，区别在于D型人格具有特殊的社交压抑结构。我国冠心病患者中A型人格比例（58％）高于健康人群（43％）。 3．A型人格与冠心病的病情（即冠状动脉狭窄程度）、患者的自评身心健康均无关。D型人格与冠心病的病情无关，但D型人格能够独立地预测自评身心健康的下降，并且不依赖于疾病状况（患病或健康）。 4．D型人格患者在应对疾病的过程中，更多地采用屈服，更少地采用面对。疾病应对方式对D型人格与患者自评身心健康的关系起中介作用。 5．在冠状动脉造影的应激条件下，冠心病患者的D型人格总分与应激下心血管反应无关，但男性患者的消极情感、社交压抑能够预测应激下舒张压反应。 此外，本研究的结果具有重要的临床价值，比如采用D型人格量表中文版鉴别高危人群以提高他们的身心健康水平，在进行D型人格干预时要关注行为方式，在对冠心病进行预防和治疗时要注意心理生理反应的性别差异等。

不同类型量表的线上调查和传统纸笔调查的比较研究

During the past 11 years, with the rapid development of the Internet, more and more psychologists began to realize and take advantage of it, which led to a growing number of psychological test administrated on the internet for data collection. But there were some controversy about the reliability and representatively of this new method. To examine the applicability of the Online Survey and how different types of scales used on the internet, we first reversed the measurement instrument, then from three different levels to investigate the equivalence of online survey and paper-and-pencil assessment, namely, sample level, scale level and item level. Both Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory were used to analyze the invariance of different types of scale applicability on the internet. The main conclusions of this study could be drawn as follows: 1. In the sample-based study, self-select sample of the online survey was compared to the random sampled sample of paper-and-pencil assessment. The results showed there were no gender difference between them (p>0.05), but the online survey sample was characterized with high qualifications, high-income and younger features (88% of the sample with post-secondary education or above, and 71% aged 20 -29 years). There were significant differences on the scores of all scales between online survey and paper-and-pencil assessment (p<0.01). With demographic controlled, there was no significant difference on the variable of Neurotic between different surveys (p>0.05). 2. With in-group design, it was proved equivalence of the scale of BI (Attitude toward Brand Importance), BT (Attitude toword Brand Switcher), Extraversion, and Conscientiousbess in the compared study in the reliability, construct validity and average scores. 3. On the item level, the results based on the Item Response Theory analysis showed that 2PLM is appropriate for personality and attitude scales. With regard to personality scale, there emerged some items with DIF in the dimensions of Openness to the experience subscale and Agreeable subscale. However, there were no significant differences about the test function. 4. Exploring the psychometrics properties of answer formats of five-, six-, seven-, ten-points, it was showed that different measurement validity between online survey and paper-and-pencil test. It was also described the lower reliability and validity of six-point scale. In conclusion, the results support the application of personality scale online, but for attitude scale, we need to choose prudently.