近邻边界Fisher判别分析

将数据集进行合理的维数约简对于一些机器学习算法效率的提高起着至关重要的影响.该文提出了一种利用数据点邻域信息的线性监督降维算法:近邻边界Fisher判别分析(Neighborhood Margin Fisher Discriminant Analysis,NMFDA).NMFDA尝试将每一数据点邻域内最远的同类数据点和最近的异类数据点之间的边界在投影子空间内尽可能地扩大,从而提高基于距离的识别算法的准确率.同时为了解决非线性降维问题,提出了Kernel NMFDA,通过在几个标准人脸数据库上与其它降维算法的对比识别实验,验证了提出算法的有效性.

模型药物毒性血清1H NMR谱代谢组学的Fisher判别分析研究

基于核磁共振技术的代谢组学是近年发展起来的一种新的组学技术,主要利用生物体液的核磁共振谱提供生物体内全部小分子代谢物的丰富信息。然而,噪声的存在影响了模式识别方法分析的准确度。近年来小波变换以其多分辨率分析的特性、方法简单、快速等优点成为一种有效的去除分析信号噪声的方法。本实验通过运用小波变换去除噪声、校正基线后,再进行Fisher判别分析,得到了较传统分析更为清晰的代谢标识物,建立了良好的代谢模型

Traveling wave front for the Fisher equation on an infinite band region

Instead of discussing the existence of a one-dimensional traveling wave front solution which connects two constant steady states, the present work deals with the case connecting a constant and a nonhomogeneous steady state on an infinite band region. The corresponding model is the well-known Fisher equation with variational coefficient and Dirichlet boundary condition. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimized phase pupil masks for extended depths of field

By properly designing a phase pupil mask to modulate or encode the optical images and then digitally restoring them, one can greatly extend the depth of field and improve image quality. The original works done by Dowski and Cathey introduce the use of a cubic phase pupil mask to extend the depth of field. The theoretical and experimental researches all verified its effectiveness. In this paper, we suggest the use of an exponential phase pupil mask to extend the depth of field. This phase mask has two variable parameters for designing to control the shape of the mask so as to modulate the wave-front more flexible. We employ an optimization procedure based on the Fisher information metric to obtain the optimum values of the parameters for the exponential and the cubic masks, respectively. A series of performance comparisons between these two optimized phase masks in extending the depth of field are then done. The results show that the exponential phase mask provide slight advantage to the cubic one in several aspects. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Game Vertebrate Densities in Hunted and Nonhunted Forest Sites in Manu National Park, Peru

Manu National Park of southern Peru is one of the most renowned protected areas in the world, yet large-bodied vertebrate surveys conducted to date have been restricted to Cocha Cashu Biological Station, a research station covering <0.06 percent of the 1.7Mha park. Manu Park is occupied by >460 settled Matsigenka Amerindians, 300-400 isolated Matsigenka, and several, little-known groups of isolated hunter-gatherers, yet the impact of these native Amazonians on game vertebrate populations within the park remains poorly understood. On the basis of 1495 km of standardized line-transect censuses, we present density and biomass estimates for 23 mammal, bird, and reptile species for seven lowland and upland forest sites in Manu Park, including Cocha Cashu. We compare these estimates between hunted and nonhunted sites within Manu Park, and with other Neotropical forest sites. Manu Park safeguards some of the most species-rich and highest biomass assemblages of arboreal and terrestrial mammals ever recorded in Neotropical forests, most likely because of its direct Andean influence and high levels of soil fertility. Relative to Barro Colorado Island, seed predators and arboreal folivores in Manu are rare, and generalist frugivores specializing on mature fruit pulp are abundant. The impact of such a qualitative shift in the vertebrate community on the dynamics of plant regeneration, and therefore, on our understanding of tropical plant ecology, must be profound. Despite a number of external threats, Manu Park continues to serve as a baseline against which other Neotropical forests can be gauged.

武汉东湖浮游植物水华的多元分析

应用多元分析中的fuzzy聚类分析、Fisher判别分析和逐步回归分析,对武汉东湖1983至1985年浮游植物水华进行一系列分析处理,得到其Ⅰ、Ⅱ两站的水华判别函数,分析了判断水华形成的主要指标:Ⅰ站为初级生产量和氨氮浓度,Ⅱ站为温度、硝酸盐浓度、叶绿素a浓度和COD,此外,本文还就Ⅰ、Ⅱ两站浮游植物的两个因子(chl a和初级生产量)分别对不同形态的营养元(氨氮、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、总氮、磷酸盐、总磷和硅酸盐)进行了回归分析;结果指出,现在东湖浮游植物不是以磷为限制因子而是氮限制。

中性芳烃稀士氯化铝配合物的合成及结构

本论文工作以非Fisher-Hafner方法，即由LnCl_3、AlCl_3、和C_6Me_6在甲苯中直接反应的方法，合成了一系列中性芳烃稀土氯化铝配合物Ln(III)(C_6Me_6)(AlCl_4)_3·CH_3C_6H_5，其中Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb。并对这些配合物进行了元素分析，此外光谱分析和水解色一质谱分析。发现配合物中配体的特征吸收与游离的配体一致，表明配合物中配体与中心离子的作用较弱，其成键机制和中心离子与负π环成乙烯基配体的作用不同。测定了Yb(C_6Me_6)(AlCl_4)_3·CH_3C_6H_5的晶体结构。其结构与Cotton报道的在Fisher-Hafner还原条件下合成的中性配合物为同物。改变LnCl_3与AlCl_3的反应摩尔比，即当EuCl_3和AlCl_3的摩尔比为1:1时，与C_6Me_6在甲苯中反应，首次合成了中性芳烃与核二价稀土氯化铝配合物[Eu_2(II)(AlCl_4)_4(C_6Me_6)_2]_n。并对其作了红外光谱分析，元素分析，色一质谱分析，激光光谱，荧光光谱，电子解谱分析，以及X-射线晶体结构测定。配合物中配体C_6Me_6的特征吸收与游离的C_6Me_6一致，表明中心离子与配体之间的作用较弱。配合物的激光光谱。荧光光谱以及电子解谱证明中心稀土离子的价态为二价。由于该配合物的合成，极大地丰实了中性芳烃稀土配合物的内容，可以预计，中性芳烃稀土配合物的类型远远不止于目前文献上报道的稀土为零价的Gd(But_3C_6H_3)_2和中心稀土离子为三价的Ln(III)(C_6Me_6)(AlCl_4)_3两种结构，随着研究工作的深入，必将有适与新型的中性芳烃稀土配合物合成出来。

PULSED ELECTRICAL OPERATION OF 1.5-MU-M VERTICAL-CAVITY SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating in the 1.3- and 1.5-mu m wavelength ranges are highly attractive for telecommunications applications. However, they are far less well-developed than devices operating at shorter wavelengths. Pulsed electrically-injected lasing at 1.5 mu m, at temperatures up to 240 K, is demonstrated in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with one epitaxial and one dielectric reflector. This is an encouraging result in the development of practical sources for optical fiber communications systems.

Performance of an improved logarithmic phase mask with optimized parameters in a wavefront-coding system

In two papers [Proc. SPIE 4471, 272-280 (2001) and Appl. Opt. 43, 2709-2721 (2004)], a logarithmic phase mask was proposed and proved to be effective in extending the depth of field; however, according to our research, this mask is not that perfect because the corresponding defocused modulation transfer function has large oscillations in the low-frequency region, even when the mask is optimized. So, in a previously published paper [Opt. Lett. 33, 1171-1173 (2008)], we proposed an improved logarithmic phase mask by making a small modification. The new mask can not only eliminate the drawbacks to a certain extent but can also be even less sensitive to focus errors according to Fisher information criteria. However, the performance comparison was carried out with the modified mask not being optimized, which was not reasonable. In this manuscript, we optimize the modified logarithmic phase mask first before analyzing its performance and more convincing results have been obtained based on the analysis of several frequently used metrics. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate

IEECAS SKLLQG

Power law behavior of the isotope yield distributions in the multifragmentation regime of heavy ion reactions

Isotope yield distributions in the multifragmentation regime were studied with high-quality isotope identification, focusing on the intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) produced in semiviolent collisions. The yields were analyzed within the framework of a modified Fisher model. Using the ratio of the mass-dependent symmetry energy coefficient relative to the temperature, a(sym)/T, extracted in previous work and that of the pairing term, a(p)/T, extracted from this work, and assuming that both reflect secondary decay processes, the experimentally observed isotope yields were corrected for these effects. For a given I = N - Z value, the corrected yields of isotopes relative to the yield of C-12 show a power law distribution Y (N, Z)/Y(C-12) similar to A(-tau) in the mass range 1 <= A <= 30, and the distributions are almost identical for the different reactions studied. The observed power law distributions change systematically when I of the isotopes changes and the extracted tau value decreases from 3.9 to 1.0 as I increases from -1 to 3. These observations are well reproduced by a simple deexcitation model, with which the power law distribution of the primary isotopes is determined to be tau(prim) = 2.4 +/- 0.2, suggesting that the disassembling system at the time of the fragment formation is indeed at, or very near, the critical point.

Isobaric yield ratios and the symmetry energy in heavy-ion reactions near the Fermi energy

The relative isobaric yields of fragments produced in a series of heavy-ion-induced multifragmentation reactions have been analyzed in the framework of a modified Fisher model, primarily to determine the ratio of the symmetry energy coefficient to the temperature, a(sym)/T, as a function of fragment mass A. The extracted values increase from 5 to similar to 16 as A increases from 9 to 37. These values have been compared to the results of calculations using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) model together with the statistical decay code GEMINI. The calculated ratios are in good agreement with those extracted from the experiment. In contrast, the values extracted from the ratios of the primary isobars from the AMD model calculation are similar to 4 to 5 and show little variation with A. This observation indicates that the value of the symmetry energy coefficient derived from final fragment observables may be significantly different than the actual value at the time of fragment formation. The experimentally observed pairing effect is also studied within the same simulations. The Coulomb coefficient is also discussed.

A novel approach to isoscaling: The role of the order parameter m = N-f-Z(f)/A(f)

Isoscaling is derived within a recently proposed modified Fisher model where the free energy near the critical point is described by the Landau O(m(6)) theory. In this model m = N-f-Z(f)/A(f) is the order parameter, a consequence of (one of) the symmetries of the nuclear Hamiltonian. Within this framework we show that isoscaling depends mainly on this order parameter through the 'external (conjugate) field' H. The external field is just given by the difference in chemical potentials of the neutrons and protons of the two sources. To distinguish from previously employed isoscaling relationships, this approach is dubbed: m-scaling. We discuss the relationship between this framework and the standard isoscaling formalism and point out some substantial differences in interpretation of experimental results which might result. These should be investigated further both theoretically and experimentally. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

手性分子与手性拓扑指数

应用自制的有机化合物结构解析专家系统ESESOC,对与28个外消旋类化合物(特殊的氨基酸)分子手性中心有关的对称性问题进行了判别,如对称面、对称点和对称轴等.同时用的开发的程序对这些化合物的构型进行了自动识别和标示.在此基础上,以手性拓扑指数为参数,利用F isher意义下的分析和人工神经网络法,对这些化合物的对映体进行了高效液相色谱分离中先后淋洗出的的对映体进行分类判别.结果表明,人工神经网络法优于F isher意义下的判别分析.