Microstructure Study Of Laser Welding Cast Nickel-Based Superalloy K418

Experiments of laser welding cast nickel-based superalloy K418 were conducted. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness. The corresponding mechanisms were discussed in detail. Results show that the laser welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of Cr-Ni-Fe-C austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and some fine and dispersed Ni-3(Al,Ti) gamma' phase as well as little amount of MC needle carbides and particles enriched in Nb, Ti and Mo distributed in the interdendritic regions, cracks originated from the liquation of the low melting points eutectics in the HAZ grain boundary are observed, the average microhardness of the welded seam and HAZ is higher than that of the base metal due to alloy elements' redistribution of the strengthening phase gamma'. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Research on laser welding of cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft

Exploratory experiments of laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft were conducted. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. The corresponding mechanisms were discussed in detail. Results showed that the laser-welded seam had non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06 austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and some fine and dispersed Ni3Al gamma' phase and Laves particles as well as little amount of MC short stick or particle-like carbides distributed in the interdendritic regions. The average microhardness of the welded seam was relatively uniform and lower than that of the base metal due to partial dissolution and suppression of the strengthening phase gamma' to some extent. About 88.5% tensile strength of the base metal was achieved in the welded joint because of a non-full penetration welding and the fracture mechanism was a mixture of ductility and brittleness. The existence of some Laves particles in the welded seam also facilitated the initiation and propagation of the microcracks and microvoids and hence, the detrimental effects of the tensile strength of the welded joint. The present results stimulate further investigation on this field. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characteristics of deep penetration laser welding of dissimilar metal Ni-based cast superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo

Experimental trials of autogenous deep penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 5.0 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser output power, welding velocity and defocusing distance on the morphology, welding depth and width as well as quality of the welded seam were investigated. Results show that full keyhole welding is not formed on both K4.18 and 42CrMo side, simultaneously, due to the relatively low output power. Partial fusion is observed on the welded seam near 42CrMo side because of the large disparity of thermal-physical and high-temperature mechanical properties of these two materials. Tile rnicrohardness of the laser-welded joint was also examined and analyzed. It is suggested that applying negative defocusing in the range of Raylei length can increase the welding depth and improve tile coupling efficiency of the laser materials interaction. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dissimilar autogenous full penetration welding of superalloy K418 and 42CrMo steel by a high power CWNd : YAG laser

Experiments of autogenous laser full penetration welding between dissimilar cast Ni-based superalloy K418 and alloy steel 42CrMo flat plates with 3.5 mm thickness were conducted using a 3 kW continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser. The influences of laser welding velocity, flow rate of side-blow shielding gas, defocusing distance were investigated. Microstructure of the welded seam was characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Mechanical properties of the welded seam were evaluated by microhardness and tensile strength testing. Results show that high quality full penetration laser-welded joint can be obtained by optimizing the welding velocity, flow rate of shielding gas and defocusing distance. The laser-welded seam have non-equilibrium solidified microstructures consisting of gamma-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06 austenite solid solution dendrites as the dominant and very small amount of super-fine dispersed Ni3Al gamma' phase and Laves particles as well as MC needle-like carbides distributed in the interdendritic regions. Although the microhardness of the laser-welded seam was lower than that of the base metal, the strength of the joint was equal to that of the base metal and the fracture mechanism showed fine ductility. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

K418合金和42CrMo钢激光焊焊缝的微观组织

采用透射电镜及附带能谱(TEM-EDS)对K418高温合金涡轮盘和42CrMo合金钢转轴激光焊焊缝的微观组织进行了分析.结果表明:焊缝主要由树枝状非平衡凝固的FeCrNiC(γ)固溶体组成,此外,还有少量细小、弥散的Ni_3Alγ'相、Laves颗粒和少量MC碳化物分布在树枝晶之间区域;根据热动力学原理对形成这一组织特征的原因进行了简要讨论.

Distribution and mode of occurrence of As；Hg and Se and sulfur in coal Seam 3 of the Shanxi Formation,Yanzhou Coalfield；China

IEECAS SKLLQG

Corrosion fatigue of welded joints of steel for marine platform

Experiments on the corrosion fatigue behaviour of welded joints of the steel for marine platform in air and seawater, and of the joints in seawater with cathodic protection, yielded data for linear regression to obtain fatigue life curves (Delta S-N-f). The laws of corrosion fatigue in welded joints of test steel are discussed with reference to those of A(587) and A(131) steel. In these experiments, the fatigue damage occurring at all welded joints around the weld interface resulted in the cracks and fractures. The fatigue life of the specimens in seawater with cathodic protection is longer than that in seawater Without protection.

K418与42CrMo异种金属的激光穿透焊接

实验研究了连续波Nd：YAG激光焊接速度、侧吹保护气流量和离焦量等参量对激光穿透焊接K418和42CrMo焊缝成形的影响。结果表明，K418与42CrMo激光穿透焊接有X形和T形两种典型的焊缝形貌，且焊缝形貌是不对称的。随着焊接速度的提高，焊接线能量降低，焊缝尺寸变小，且焊缝上部尺寸变化比下部尺寸变化慢，焊缝形貌由X形过渡到T形。当离焦量在瑞利长度范围内时，焊缝正面宽度变化很小；当离焦量超出瑞利长度范围时，在足够高的激光功率密度下，焊缝正面宽度快速增加。在激光功率为3kW，侧吹保护气角度为35°条件下，通过优化焊接速度、侧吹保护气流量和离焦量等参量可以得到最佳焊缝质量。

Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Laser Welding Cast Ni-Based Superalloy K418 Turbo Disk And Alloy Steel 42Crmo Shaft

Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser welding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy was carried out on the laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft and an unambiguous identification of phases in the weldment was accomplished. It was found that there are gamma-FeCrNiC austenite solid solution dendrites as the matrix, (Nb, Ti) C type MC carbides, fine and dispersed Ni-3 Al gamma' phase as well as Laves particles in the interdendritic region of the seam zone. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

TIG 熔修对焊接接头海水腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

对经过 TIG 熔修的海上平台用钢(A537)的板状焊接接头进行了海水腐蚀疲劳试验。试验条件是:加载频率0.2Hz,应力比 R=-1,海水温度20°±1℃,阴极保护电位-850mV±30mV,SCE。就平均寿命来说,TIG 熔修试件的海水腐蚀疲劳寿命为原始焊缝(as-welded)试件寿命的四倍至六倍,并且随应力范围的降低而差别增大.在自由腐蚀条件下,TIG 熔修试件的寿命也比原始焊缝试件的寿命长得多。

SEA的基因克隆及高效表达工程菌的构建

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A(SEA）是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌至胞外的一种单亚基蛋白质。它能与抗原递呈细胞上的MHC II受体结合，激发大量T细胞活化，释放多种细胞因子。正是由于SEA是一种强的T细胞激活剂，近年来，它在肿瘤的免疫治疗中显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文总结了国内外近十几年来在SEA治疗肿瘤方面的研究成果，指出，SEA靶向药物及低毒性SEA分子改造是SEA类药物研究的方向。利用PCR方法从金葡菌基因组DNA中扩增出seap基因（即SEA前体基因，含信号肤编码区），采用重叠PCR技术突变了694佩714碱基之间的所有稀有密码子，得到seap，。基因表达结果证实，改造seap基因中稀有密码子对提高基因表达水平非常有效。对seap基因中关键稀有密码子的突变在国内外尚属首次。以seapm为模板采用PCR方法扩增出seam (SEA成熟蛋白基因）。自行设计，自行构建成功一个新型原核表达载体7ZTS。它具有克隆，测序和表达在同一载体上进行，并可依据蓝白反应挑选重组子的特征。7ZTS表达载体将多种功能集于一体的独特优点是目前已知表达载体所不具备的，其大大简化了分子生物学操作步骤，提高了工作效率。利用7ZTS表达载体，在大肠杆菌JM109（DE3)中表达了mseap和seam基因。前者以包含体形式表达出SEA前体蛋白，后者以包含体和可溶性两种形式存在。通过均匀设计方法，摸索出'0sea基因表达的最佳条件为：诱导前生物量ODEo。为0. 8，装液量为28%，诱导温度为37'C，诱导时间为8小时。在此条件下，SEA表达量占细胞总蛋白的37%，可溶性SEA约占70%o SEA如此高效的表达为国内一外首次报道。质粒稳定性实验表明，7ZTS一msea重组质粒具有极好的稳定性，连续培养72小时或IPTG诱导48小时后，质粒基本不丢失。以上实验结果为SEA的大规模制备和SEA导向药物的研究开发奠定了基础。

IL-2基因的突变及其与肠毒素融合基因的克隆和表达

由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌到胞外的单亚基蛋白中有肠毒素A和B。近年来两种毒素在肿瘤治疗研究方面取得了很大进展。白介素-2作为靶向分子，在抗肿瘤的药物中很有应用前景。本文分别对肠毒素A、肠毒素B和白介素-2进行了克隆和表达，并将白介素-2（125Ala）分别与肠毒素A227AI。肠毒素B进行了融合表达。从筛选到的天然金黄色葡萄球菌STSw的基因组中，通过PCR方法扩增出seb基因，同时突变了该基因两端几个稀有密码子。并将其克隆到7ZTS载体上进行表达，表达量占细胞总蛋白的33.5％。以seam基因为模板，通过重叠PCR将其227位天冬氨酸突变为丙氨酸，以降低其毒性。该突变基因重组到7ZTS载体中，并在JM109（DE3）中表达，表达量占细胞总蛋白的51.5％。通过重叠PCR法，对人的IL-2基因进行定点突变。共突变60个碱基，涉及51个氨基酸，其中第125位的半肤氨酸被突变为丙氨酸。该基因在大肠杆菌中表达量占总蛋白的30％。分别对上述三个工程菌的表达条件进行了探索。先制备出融合基因，再对融合基因进行表达，得到两种融合蛋白。它们是以6个甘氨酸和1个苏氨酸为链，将IL一2（125Ala）与肠毒素A227（Ala）、B分别连接起来，即IL-2（125Ala）-SEA227（Ala）和IL-2（125Ala）-SEB二者在大肠杆菌中表达量分别占总蛋白的10％和12％。以上实验结果为将几种蛋白开发成抗肿瘤靶向药物奠定了坚实基础。

不锈钢激光搭接焊接头温度场数值模拟及分析

温度场是影响激光焊接焊缝成形质量的关键因素. 针对非熔透型激光搭接焊接头焊缝成"钉头"状的特点,通过分析焊接时材料吸收激光能量的分布情况,提出了高斯面热源加线性递增式柱热源的复合体热源模型. 模型考虑板间接触热阻的影响,并将计算结果和试验结果进行了对比,发现模拟出的焊缝形状和试验吻合较好;此外基于本模型对焊缝各处的热循环与焊缝组织形貌及显微硬度的关系进行了分析. 结果表明,焊缝组织形貌及显微硬度除与加热和冷却速率有关外,峰值温度对其也有重要影响;在热循环基本一致的情况下焊缝的性能相似. 该模型较准确地模拟了薄板激光深熔焊接熔池温度场,对研究激光深熔焊接温度场问题和激光工艺参数的优化选择具有参考价值