Ocean Waves Propagating over a Porous Seabed: Residual and Oscillatory Mechanisms

Two mechanisms for the wave-induced pore pressures in a porous seabed, i.e. oscillatory and residual excess pore pressures, have been observed in laboratory experiments and field measurements. Most previous investigations have focused on one of the mechanisms individually. In this paper, an analytical solution for the wave-induced residual pore pressure, which is not available yet, is derived, and compared with the existing experimental data. With the new solution, a parametric analysis is performed to clarify the applicable ranges of two mechanisms. Then, a simplified approximation for the prediction of wave-induced liquefaction potential is proposed for engineering practice.

Nonuniformity Effect of Surface-Nanocrystalline Materials in Nanoindentation Test

In the present research, microstructures of the surface-nanocrystalline Al alloy material are observed and measured based on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique, and the corresponding mechanical behaviors are investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental research, the nanoindentation test method is used, and the load and microhardness curves are measured, which strongly depend on the grain size and grain size nonuniformity. Two kinds of the nanoindentation test methods are adopted: the randomly selected loading point method and the continuous stiffness method. In the theoretical modeling, based on the microstructure characteristics of the surface-nanocrystalline Al alloy material, a dislocation pile-up model considering the grain size effect and based on the Mott theory is presented and used. The hardness-indent depth curves are predicted and modeled.

第四届世界生物力学大会简介

"第四届世界生物力学大会"(4~(th)World Congress on Biomechanics)于2002年8月3~11日在加拿大卡尔加里(Calgary,Canada)召开．会议主办单位为卡尔加里大学，参会人数约1 600人．参加会议的主要国家包括：美、英、德、日、加、意、法、中国和中国香港等50余国家和地区．会议交流的论文篇数约为1680篇(含口头报告及墙展)．中国中科院力学所、中日友好医院、四川大学、重庆大学等6位学者参加了本次会议．所发表的工作分别涉及细胞与分子生物力学、假肢生物力学、白细胞力学-生物学耦合、血流动力学等方面，其研究工作在整体上符合当前本领域的发展方向，有的工作具有国际竞争性，会议的反响是肯定的．作者在"分子与细胞生物力学"(Molecular and Cellular Biomechanics)分会上做了口头报告和墙报展讲．

Prescription for optimizing holograms in LiNbO3 : Fe : Mn

The photorefractive holographic dynamics of grating formation in photochromic doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystal is studied numerically and analytically in terms of the two-center model of Kukhtarev Et al. [Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979)]. The relations among the recorded and fixed space-charge fields and the doping densities, the oxidation-reduction states of the fields, and the intensities of UV-sensitizing and red recording beams are studied. Important conditions and effects are feued, and an optimal prescription for material doping and oxidation-reduction processing is suggested in which the crystal can be strongly oxidized and the Mn-doping density is smaller than the Fe-doping density. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 050.7330, 190.5330, 090.2900.

Enlarging the depth of focus by filtering in the phase-space domain

The ambiguity function was employed as a merit function to design an optical system with a high depth of focus. The ambiguity function with the desired enlarged-depth-of-focus characteristics was obtained by using a properly designed joint filter to modify the ambiguity function of the original pupil in the phase-space domain. From the viewpoint of the filter theory, we roughly propose that the constraints of the spatial filters that are used to enlarge the focal depth must be satisfied. These constraints coincide with those that appeared in the previous literature on this topic. Following our design procedure, several sets of apodizers were synthesized, and their performances in the defocused imagery were compared with each other and with other previous designs. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

一种闭环控制的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪

利用啁啾光纤光栅的应变调谐特性，将色散补偿的啁啾光纤光栅斜贴于悬臂梁的侧面，通过应力实现啁啾量调整而改变其色散补偿量的大小，同时利用固定在同一悬臂梁的均匀布拉格光栅传感器，实现了闭环自动控制色散补偿量，研制出了一种新型的光纤光栅动态色散补偿仪。该色散补偿仪工作在1550nm波段，典型性能数据为：色散动态补偿范围-1000-1680ps／nm，插入损耗小于1．5dB，动态调谐步进响应时间小于50ms，基本上能满足10Gb／s光纤通信系统中色散动态补偿的要求。

基于奇异值分解的数字波前拟合算法

提出了基于奇异值分解、采用泽尼克多项式拟合干涉波前的算法，该算法直接从线性方程组入手，对矩阵进行奇异值分解分解，在求解逆矩阵的过程中，采用阈值法对奇异值的倒数进行非常规的置换（∞→0），可直接得到系数向量。理论分析和实验证明，相对于传统的格拉姆-施密特正交法，该算法可首先通过求解条件数判断线性方程矩阵是否奇异，对于解决病态方程组或奇异矩阵的最小二乘问题，有很好的稳定性，避免了由最小二乘构造的法方程组出现病态而引入的计算误差，且易于编程。

Growth and characterization of new transparent conductive oxides single crystals beta-Ga2O(3): Sn

Tin oxide doped beta-Ga2O3 single crystals are recognized as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) materials. They have a larger band gap (4.8 eV) than any other TCOs, thus can be transparent in UV region. This property shows that they have the potential to make the optoelectronic device used in even shorter wavelength than usual TCOs. beta-Ga2O3 single crystals doped with different Sn4+ concentrations were grown by the floating zone technique. Their optical properties and electrical conductivities were systematically studied. It has been found that their conductivities and optical properties were influenced by the Sn4+ concentrations and annealing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

铬过渡层对银膜光学性质及附着力的影响

研究了在玻璃基底上采用不同厚度的铬膜作过渡层，对银膜的光学性质及其附着力的影响。光谱测量结果表明，随着铬膜层厚度的增加，银膜的反射率先增大后减小。与直接镀在玻璃基底上的银膜的反射率相比，铬膜层厚度为8～14nm时，银膜的反射率较低；铬膜层厚度为17～21nm时，银膜的反射率得到提高，其中铬膜厚度为17nm时，银膜的反射率最高；继续增加铬膜层的厚度，银膜的反射率又降低，说明采用一定厚度的铬膜作过渡层可以提高银膜的反射率。X射线衍射（XRD）结构分析表明，一定厚度的铬膜改善了银膜的结晶程度，使薄膜的晶粒度增大

Absence of association between SERPINE2 genetic polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Han Chinese: a case-control cohort study

Background: Recent studies have proposed that the serine protease inhibitor E2 (SERPINE2) was a novel susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Caucasians. However, this issue still remained controversial. Additional evidence