Origin and evolution of the RIG-I like RNA helicase gene family

Background: The DExD/H domain containing RNA helicases such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting nucleotide pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of invading viruses. The RIG-I and MDA5 proteins differentially recognise conserved PAMPs in double stranded or single stranded viral RNA molecules, leading to activation of the interferon system in vertebrates. They share three core protein domains including a RNA helicase domain near the C terminus (HELICc), one or more caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) and an ATP dependent DExD/H domain. The RIG-I/MDA5 directed interferon response is negatively regulated by laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) and is believed to be controlled by the mitochondria antiviral signalling protein (MAVS), a CARD containing protein associated with mitochondria. Results: The DExD/H containing RNA helicases including RIG-I, MDA5 and LGP2 were analysed in silico in a wide spectrum of invertebrate and vertebrate genomes. The gene synteny of MDA5 and LGP2 is well conserved among vertebrates whilst conservation of the gene synteny of RIG-I is less apparent. Invertebrate homologues had a closer phylogenetic relationship with the vertebrate RIG-Is than the MDA5/LGP2 molecules, suggesting the RIG-I homologues may have emerged earlier in evolution, possibly prior to the appearance of vertebrates. Our data suggest that the RIG-I like helicases possibly originated from three distinct genes coding for the core domains including the HELICc, CARD and ATP dependent DExD/H domains through gene fusion and gene/domain duplication. Furthermore, presence of domains similar to a prokaryotic DNA restriction enzyme III domain (Res III), and a zinc finger domain of transcription factor (TF) IIS have been detected by bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion: The RIG-I/MDA5 viral surveillance system is conserved in vertebrates. The RIG-I like helicase family appears to have evolved from a common ancestor that originated from genes encoding different core functional domains. Diversification of core functional domains might be fundamental to their functional divergence in terms of recognition of different viral PAMPs.

an improved smart card based password authentication scheme with provable security

Password authentication has been adopted as one of the most commonly used solutions in network environment to protect resources from unauthorized access. Recently, Lee–Kim–Yoo [S.W. Lee, H.S. Kim, K.Y. Yoo, Improvement of Chien et al.'s remote user authentication scheme using smart cards, Computer Standards & Interfaces 27 (2) (2005) 181–183] and Lee-Chiu [N.Y. Lee, Y.C. Chiu, Improved remote authentication scheme with smart card, Computer Standards & Interfaces 27 (2) (2005) 177–180] respectively proposed a smart card based password authentication scheme. We show that these two schemes are both subject to forgery attacks provided that the information stored in the smart card is disclosed by the adversary. We also propose an improved scheme with formal security proof.

Effect of diffusion on coating microstructure and oxidation resistance of aluminizing steel

The effect of diffuse treatment on coating microstructure and oxidation resistance at high-temperature of hot-dip aluminum were studied by means of TEM, SEM and XRD. The results show that, the diffusion temperature has significant effect on structure of coatings and its oxidation resistance. After diffusion at 750 degreesC, the coating consists of thick outer surface layer (Fe2Al5+ FeAl2), thin internal layer (FeAl + stripe FeAl2), and its oxidation resistance is poor. After diffusion at 950 degreesC, the outer surface layer is composed of single FeAl2 phase, the internal layer is composed of FeAl phase, and its oxidation resistance declines due to the occurrence of early stage internal oxidation cracks in the coating. After diffusion at 850 degreesC, the outer surface layer becomes thinner and consists of FeAl2 Fe2Al5(small amount), the internal layer becomes thicker and consists of FeAl+spherical FeAl2, and the spheroidized FeAl2 phase in the internal layer and its existing in FeAl phase steadily improve the oxidation resistance of the coating.

用光学干涉方法对液相扩散传质过程的研究

液相中扩散传质过程研究无论对于基础理论还是生产实践都具有重要的意义.但在通常的重力环境中,传质过程不是单因素地由浓度梯度来决定,对流和沉降会对实验研究产生重要的干扰.通过光学干涉技术的应用,实现对于扩散过程中的传质系数进行测量,实验中采用Math-Zehnder干涉仪对于整个传质过程进行监控并记录相关图像信息.这些图像信息是贯穿在整个实验过程中的连续录像,不同于其它实验记录的静态图像.通过计算这些随时间改变的干涉条纹的变化,就可以推导出传质系数的结果.实验液体选用水/葡萄糖溶液,之后还将进一步将该实验装置搭载TF-1火箭,进行微重力实验,以排除重力产生的影响.

CE3+对ER3+/Yb3+共掺TeO2-WO3-ZnO玻璃发光性能的影响

Ce3+ ions were introduced into the Er3+/Yb3+ -codoped TeO2-WO3-ZnO glasses, and the effect of Ce3+ on the emission properties at 1.5 mu m band and the upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in the glasses was investigated. With the increasing of Ce3+ concentration, the emission intensity of Er3+ at 1.5 mu m band increases firstly, and then decreases. The optimal doping concentration of Ce3+ is about 2.07 x 10(20)/cm(3). As for the Er3+ emission at 1.5-mu m band, the fluorescence lifetime decreases a little from 3.4ms to 3.0ms, while the full width at half maximum (FWHM) hardly changes with the increase of Cc 3+ concentration. Due to the effective cross relaxation between Ce3+ and Er3+ : Er3+ (I-4(11/2)) + Ce3+ (F-2(5/2)) -> Er3+ (I-4(13/2)) + Ce3+ (F-2(7/2)), the upconversion emission intensity of Er3+ is reduced greatly. But when Ce3+ -doping concentration is too high, the other cross relaxation between Ce3+ and Er3+ : Er3+ (4I(13/2)) + Ce3+ (F-2(5/2)) -> Er3+ (I-4(15/2)) + Ce3+ (F-2(7/2)) happens, which depopulates the I-4(13/2) level of Er3+ and results in the decrease of the emission intensity and fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ at 1.5 mu m band.

H-2-sensing characteristics of nanocrystalline La0.8Pb0.2FeO3 prepared by sol-gel method

Nanocrystalline La0.8Pb0.2FeO3 has been prepared by the sol-gel method. XRD patterns show that the nanocrystalline La0.8Pb0.2FeO3 is a perovskite phase with the orthorhombic structure and its mean crystallite size is about 19 nm. The influence of Pb ions which replaced the La ions on A-sites can be directly observed from the electrical and sensing properties to H-2 gas. The conductance of La0.8Pb0.2FeO3-based sensor is considerably higher than that of LaFeO3-based sensor, and Pb-doping can enhance the sensitivity to H2 gas. An empirical relationship of R = KCH2alpha with alpha = 0.668 was obtained.

P2O5-B2O3-R2O-MO-Al2O3系统玻璃物化性质的研究

以Yb^3+-Er^3+共掺的P2O5-B2O3-R2O-MO-Al2O3(R=Li，Na，K；M=Zn，Ca，Sr，Ba)系统玻璃为研究对象，分别分析了改变B2O3，的含量，以及加入不同种类的碱金属和碱土金属氧化物对玻璃的物理化学性质的影响。研究结果表明，当B2O3的含量增加，玻璃的Tg，Tf上升，热膨胀系数下降；随着修饰体阳离子半径减小，玻璃的溶解速率下降，化学稳定性变好。

滇南小耳猪遗传多样性的血液蛋白电泳研究

文采用蛋白电泳技术研究滇南小耳猪血液蛋白多态性。共分析了滇南小耳猪32个遗传位 点，其中AKP、CAT、ES、PA、6PGD和TF等6个位点检测到多态性，多态位点百分比P=0．1875，平均 杂合度H=0．0712。结果表明滇南小耳猪的血液蛋白多态程度较高，反映在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样 性较为丰富。

云南中甸尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态性研究

　采用水平式淀粉胶凝胶电泳技术和垂直式聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了云南中 甸尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态，对33个样本的37个基因座位进行了分析，共有9个座位出现多态，分 别为ES-1、ES-2、AKP-1、AKP-2、LAP、PGM、CK、Tf及6PGD。多态位点百分比P=0.2432,平 均杂合度=0.1015,每个座位等位基因的平均数A=1.3784,结果表明尼西鸡的血液蛋白多态程度较 高，在蛋白质水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。同时发现Amy-1座位只出现杂合子AB型。

云南保种乳用圭山羊遗传多样性蛋白电泳研究

采用水平式淀粉胶蛋白电泳技术,对路南保种乳用圭山羊33个个体的46个遗传座位的血液蛋白及同工酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现AKP、LAP、CES-I、ESD、ME和Pa6个座位具多态性,多态座位的基因AKP~(0)、LAP~(A)、CES-I~(1)、ME~(B)、ESD~(1)和Pa~(A)的基因频率较高;多态座位百分比P=0.1304,平均杂合度H=0.0501。在Tf座位,出现两种表型AA、AB,但多态性贫乏;LDH谱带中发现一种不同的类型。

云南地方猪种血液蛋白多态性研究

采用蛋白电泳技术,分析了3个云南地方猪种32-36个遗传位点,其中AKP、CAT、DIA、ES、G6PD、PA、6PGD、PHI、TF等9个位点检测到多态性,多态位点百分比为0.1875-0.2121,平均杂合度为0.0712-0.1027。结果表明,云南地方猪种血液蛋白多态程度较高,反映在蛋白水平上的遗传多样性较为丰富。

An anticoagulant serine protease from the wasp venom of Vespa magnifica

Wasp is an important venomous animal that can induce human fatalities. Coagulopathy is a clinical symptom after massive wasp stings, but the reason leading to the envenomation manifestation is still not known. In this paper, a toxin protein is purified and characterized by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, CM-Sephadex C-25 cationic exchange and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) from the venom of the wasp, Vespa magnifica (Smith). This protein, named magnvesin. contains serine protease-like activity and inhibits blood coagulation. The cDNA encoding magnvesin is cloned from the venom sac cDNA library of the wasp. The deduced protein from the cDNA is composed of 305 amino acid residues. Magnvesin shares 52% identity with allergen serine protease from the wasp Polistes dominulus. Magnvesin exerted its anti-coagulant function by hydrolyzing coagulant factors TF, VII, VIII, IX and X. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

一种诱导恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡的方法和用途

本发明涉及一种诱导恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡的方法和用途，属生物医药技术领域。本发明直接用CD176(Thomsen-Friedenreich肿瘤相关抗原，TF， Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-R和Galβ1-3GalNAcβ1-R)的抗体(自然抗体、合成的人源化抗体)和配体[合成的结合CD176(TF)的重组蛋白和多肽、提取的结合CD176 (TF)的植物或动物凝集素]，结合恶性肿瘤细胞膜上的CD176(TF)，诱导恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡。本发明的诱导恶性肿瘤细胞凋亡的方法可作为恶性肿瘤生物治疗。本发明与现有技术相比，具有安全和适用范围广等优点。