Experimental Study on Benard-Marangoni Convection by PIV and TCL

An experimental investigation of Benard-Marangoni convection has been performed in double immiscible liquid layers of rectangular configuration. The two kinds of liquid are 10cst silicon oil and FC-70 respectively. The velocity fields in the vertical cross-section are obtained by PIV. Flow patterns and/or temperature distributions on the horizontal interface are displayed by using thermal color liquid crystal (TLC), and the velocity distributions on the interface were also obtained with the help of the serial particle image of TCL. The evolution processes of convection are observed in the differential thickness ratio of two liquid layers, and the convection styles are discussed.

Numerical Investigation of Toroidal Shock Wave Focusing in a Cylindrical Chamber

In this paper, focusing of a toroidal shock wave propagating from an annular shock tube into a cylindrical chamber was investigated numerically with the dispersion controlled dissipation (DCD) scheme. The first case for an incident Mach number of 1.5 was conducted and compared with experiments for validation. Then, several cases were calculated for higher incident Mach numbers varying from 2.0 to 5.0, and complicated flow structures were observed. The numerical study was mainly focused on two aspects: focusing process and flow structures. The process, including diffraction, focusing, and reflection, is displayed to reveal the focusing mechanism, and the flow structures at different incident. Mach numbers are used to demonstrate shock reflection styles and focusing characteristics.

Hybrid Qm/Mm Simulation Of The Hydration Phenomena Of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine Headgroup

The polar headgroup of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) molecule both in gas phase and aqueous Solution is investigated by the hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) method, in which the polar head of DPPC molecule and the bound water molecules are treated with density functional theory (DFT), while the apolar hydrocarbon chain of DPPC molecule is treated with MM method. It is demonstrated that the hybrid QM/MM method is both accurate and efficient to describe the conformations of DPPC headgroup. Folded structures of headgroup are found in gas phase calculations. In this work, both monohydration and polyhydration phenomena are investigated. In monohydration, different water association sites are studied. Both the hydration energy and the quantum properties of DPPC and water molecules are calculated at the DFT level of theory after geometry optimization. The binding force of monohydration is estimated by using the scan method. In polyhydration, more extended conformations are found and hydration energies in different polyhydration styles are estimated. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reconsideration of Phylogenetic Relationships of the Subclass Peritrichia (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences, with the Establishment of a New Subclass Mobilia Kahl, 1933

Based on its characteristic oral apparatus, the ciliate subclass Peritrichia has long been recognized as a monophyletic assemblage composed of the orders Mobilida and Sessilida. Following the application of molecular methods, the monophyly of Peritrichia has recently been questioned. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the peritrichous ciliates based on four further complete small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences of mobilids, namely Urceolaria urechi, Trichodina meretricis, Trichodina sinonovaculae, and Trichodina ruditapicis. In all phylogenetic trees, the mobilids never clustered with the sessilids, but instead formed a monophyletic assemblage related to the peniculines. By contrast, the sessilids formed a sister clade with the hymenostomes at a terminal position within the Oligohymenophorea. We therefore formally separate the mobilids from the sessilids (Peritrichia sensu stricto) and establish a new subclass, Mobilia Kahl, 1933, which contains the order Mobilida Kahl, 1933. We argue that the oral apparatus in the mobilians and sessilid peritrichs is a homoplasy, probably due to convergent evolution driven by their similar life-styles and feeding strategies. Morphologically, the mobilians are distinguished from all other oligohymenophoreans by the presence of the adhesive disc, this character being a synapomorphy for the Mobilia.

黄土丘陵区退耕地植被景观时空变异特征

对黄土丘陵区退耕地植被特征的时空变异性进行了研究。结果表明,不同植被类型区植被特征之间差异不是很显著,仅延安与安塞在物种丰富度之间和安塞与吴旗在物种多样性之间存在较显著的差异(0.01

供钾方式对烟叶含钾量的影响

通过大田试验 ,研究了不同供钾方式对烟叶含钾量的影响及提高石灰性土壤上烤烟含钾量的可能途径。结果表明 ,施钾能显著提高烟叶产量 ,其中以粉肥结合喷优丰处理效果最好。在干旱条件下 ,增施钾肥可以显著提高烟叶含钾量 ,尤其能较大幅度提高中上部烟叶含钾量。粉肥对提高烟叶含钾量的效果稍优于粒肥。采用喷施“优丰 98- 2”进行根外补钾 ,可显著提高烟叶含钾量。在石灰性土壤上 ,干旱是提高烟叶含钾量的障碍因子。仅凭土壤施钾来提高烟叶含钾量 ,效果不稳定 ,受气候影响较大。土施结合喷施叶肥 ,是提高该区烤烟烟叶含钾量的有效途径。

黄土高原土壤干层初步研究

在详细描述土壤干层现象和类型的基础上 ,分析了土壤干层的成因 ,即低降水高蒸发、水土流失、植被类型选择失当、群落生产力过高和群落密度过大等 ,指出土壤干层的危害主要表现为使局部小气候环境趋于旱化、土地退化、植被生长衰退、天然下种更新不良及加大造林难度等 ,最后提出了缓解土壤干层对黄土高原生态环境的恢复和重建的意义和重要性。

Investigation on the Voltammetric Behaviors in Planar Bilayer Lipid Membranes

In the TCNQ-modified BLM, the voltammetric response is different due to the different methods used to prepare the membrane forming solution. The direct and indirect dissolved methods result in irreversible and reversible responses respectively. These results can be explained by the different styles of the orientation of TCNQ in the membrane. The reversible response is controlled by the diffusion of electroactive species in the interior of the membrane. When MB is used to modify the BLM, very complex voltammograms are obtained. The intersection of the voltammetric curves can be regarded to be owing to the appearance of new phase in the membrane caused by MB. But it disappears at lower scan rate. Peak current increases with decreasing scan rate. This indicates that the resistance of the membrane at lower scan rate is lower than that at higher scan rate. Asymmetric curve of MB incorporated BLM is ascribed to the different rates of redox reaction at the two membrane/solution interfaces.

渤海湾地区前第三系构造特征及其演化研究

Based on fine structural interpretation on seismic profiles of buried-hills in Huanghua depression, structural interpretation and balanced cross-section restoration of regional seismic profiles, drawing structural maps of main seismic interfaces, residual strata distribution of different ages in the Bohai Bay region and structural survey in the western Shandong uplifted area and the intracontinental orogeny of Yanshan mountain, the paper has studied pre-tertiary structural styles and tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay region. There mainly develop 5 types of pre-tertiary structural style that are extension structure, compression structure, strike-slip structure, negative inversion structure and sliding structure in the Bohai Bay region. Among these 5 types of structural style, extension structure develops detachment fault and its controlling fault terrain structure and fault break slop; compression structure develops reverted fold, fault propagation fold, fault bent fold, imbricate thrust structure and triangle zone; strike-slip structure develops positive flower structure, negative flower structure, en-echelon structure and brush structure; negative reversion structure develops Indosinian compression and Yanshanian extension negative reversion structure, late Yanshanian compression and Cenozoic extension negative reversion structure; sliding structure develops interlayer sliding structure and detachment structure. According to Cangdong fault of SN direction, Zhangjiakou – Penglai fault and Qihe – Guangrao fault of NWW direction, the Bohai Bay region can be divided into 6 sub-regions in which structural direction and style is different from each other. Structural maps of bottom boundary of Cenozoic and upper Paleozoic manifest that main NNE structural direction is formed from late Yanshanian to Himalayan movement and minor NWW structural direction and a string of area more than 8000m are mainly suggest that Indosinian tectonic pattern strongly influence on Yanshanian and Himalayan movement. Residual strata distribution characteristics of middle to upper Neoproterozoic in the Bohai Bay region manifest that middle- to neo- aulacogen position may be corresponding to late Mesozoic uplifted zone. Residual Paleozoic distribution characteristics of main ENN suggest that structural alteration should be resulted from late Yanshanian to Himalayan movement while which of minor NWW structures suggest that deeper structure should restrict shallower structure. Structural patterns of main EW fold direction in the Bohai Bay region and thrust structure in eastern part are formed late Triassic in studied area. Granite magma intrusion of early to middle Jurassic mainly develops Yanshan mountain zone. Late Mesozoic rifting basins of NEE direction are widely distributed in the Bohai Bay region and granite magma intrusions are mainly distributed in Tancheng – Rongcheng zone. Mesozoic structural evolution in the Bohai Bay region is related to scissor convergent from east to west between North China plate and Yangtze plate and gradually reinforcing of the west circum-pacific tectonic tract while basin and range province of late Jurassic and early Cretaceous may be mainly related to lithospheric thinning of North China craton in late Mesozoic.

济阳坳陷深层地质构造与演化

Based on geophysical and geological data in Jiyang depression, the paper has identified main unconformity surfaces (main movement surfaces) and tectonic sequences and established tectonic and strata framework for correlation between different sags. Based on different sorts of structural styles and characteristics of typical structures, the paper summarized characteristics and distribution of deep structures, discussed evolution sequence of structure, analyzed the relation between tectonic evolution and generation of petroleum. The major developments are as following: Six tectonic sequences could be divided from bottom to top in the deep zone of Jiyang depression. These tectonic sequences are Cambrian to Ordovician, Carboniferous to Permian, lower to middle Jurassic, upper Jurassic to lower Cretaceous, upper Cretaceous and Kongdian formation to the fourth member of Shahejie formation. The center of sedimentation and subsidence of tectonic sequences distinguished from each other in seismic profiles is controlled by tectonic movements. Six tectonic evolution stages could be summarized in the deep zone in Jiyang depression. Among these stages, Paleozoic stage is croton sedimentation basin; Indosinian stage, open folds of EW direction are controlled by compression of nearly SN direction in early Indosinian (early to middle Triassic) while fold thrust fault of EW – NWW direction and arch protruding to NNE direction are controlled by strong compression in late Indosinian (latter Triassic); early Yanshanian stage (early to middle Jurassic), in relatively weak movement after Indosinian compressional orogeny, fluviolacustrine is deposited in intermontane basins in the beginning of early Yanshanian and then extensively denudated in the main orogenic phase; middle Yanshanian (late Jurassic to early Cretaceous), strike-slipping basins are wide distribution with extension (negative reversion) of NW – SE direction; latter Yanshanian (late Cretaceous), fold and thrust of NE – NNE direction and positive reversion structure of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous strike-slipping basin are formed by strong compression of NW–SE direction; sedimentation stage of Kongdian formation to the fourth member of Shahejie formation of Cenozoic, half graben basins are formed by extension of SN direction early while uplift is resulted from compression of nearly EW direction latterly. Compression system, extension system and strike-slip system are formed in deep zone of Jiyang depression. According to identifying flower structure of seismic profiles and analysis of leveling layer slice of 3D seismic data and tectonic map of deep tectonic interface, strike-slip structures of deep zone in Jiyang depression are distinguished. In the middle of the Jiyang depression, strike-slip structures extend as SN direction, NNW direction in Huimin sag, but NNE in Zhandong area. Based on map of relict strata thickness, main faults activity and regional tectonic setting, dynamic mechanisms of deep structure are preliminary determination. The main reason is the difference of direction and character of the plate’s movement. Development and rework of multi-stage tectonic effects are benefit for favorable reservoir and structural trap. Based on tectonic development, accumulation conditions of deep sub-sags and exploration achievements in recent years, potential zones of oil-gas reservoir are put forward, such as Dongying sag and Bonan sag.

东天山红山高硫型浅成低温铜-金矿床氧化带的形成机理和硫酸盐矿物的系列发现及意义

Located in the Paleozoic uplift along the southern margin of Tu-Ha basin in eastern Xinjiang, the newly discovered Hongshan Cu-Au deposit occurs in the superimposed Mesozoic volcanic basin upon the north section of later Paleozoic Dananhu-Tousuquan accretionary arc. Kalatage Cu-Au orebelt is controlled by NWW-trend faults, and includes Hongshan and Meiling Cu-Au deposits. The host rocks of Hongshan ore district are mainly rhyolitic-dacitic ignimbrites, whereas Cu-Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and granitic porphyry. Mineralization styles are dominantly veinlet-disseminated and veinlet, occasionally stockwork. The mineral association is chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, chalcocite and sphalerite. The hydrothermal alteration consists of silicfication, sericitization, alunitization, pyrophylitization, illitization, hydromuscovitization, and chloritization. Hongshan Cu-Au deposit, on the edge of the desert, is one of the driest areas in eastrn Tianshan. Moreover， the highest temperature has been up to 60℃, and the average rainfall receives only 34.1mm/y. The light rainfall and rapid evaporation in the vicinity of this deposit have allowed the formation of a great variety of water-soluble sulfates. Oxidization zone of this deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies appearing with a depth of 50-60m, which is dominant in sulfate minerals. 1. Based on the field observation, the volcanic and sub-volcanic rock composition, hydrothermal alteration, ore structure and mineralization characteristics, this paper proposed that the Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to a transitional type from high-sulfide epithermal to porphyry Cu-Au deposit, which corresponds with the typical HS-epithermal deposit such as Zijinshan Au-Cu deposit in Fujian Province, SE-China. 2. The Hongshan copper-gold deposit was controlled by the tectonic, stratum, magma activity and volcanic apparatus, whereas Au mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry, rhyolitic porphyry and fine grained pyritization in hydrothermal activity, and Cu mineralization is closely related to quartz porphyry and hydrothermal explosive breccia. 3. Oxidation zone of Hongshan Cu-Au deposit lies on the upper part of primary sulfide orebodies deposit. 23 sulfate minerals were identified in this work. The results of samples XRD and chemical analysis were furthermore confirmed through thermal, infrared spectrum and mössbauer spectrum analysis. Among those, nine minerals as Ferricopiapite, Cuprocopiapite, Rhomboclase, Parabutlerite, Krausite, Yavapaiite, Metasideronatrite Kroehnkite and Paracoquimbite were founded in China for the first time. And Paracoquimbite was secondly reported in the world (first case reported at 1938 in Chile). 4. EPMA analysis shows that Al impurity in crystal lattice is important to polytype formation of paracoquimbite and coquimbite besides stack fault. 5. Compared with Meiling Cu-Au deposit in the same Kalatage ore belt from the characteristics of δ34S of barite, lithofacies, hydrothermal alteration and homogeneous temperature, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit belongs to the same metallogenic system of HS-epithermal type as Meiling Cu-Au deposit. But Hongshan Cu-Au deposit has less extensive alteration and shallower denudation. 6. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of pyrites vary in the range of +1.86‰~+5.69‰, with an average of 3.70‰, mostly in the range of +1.86‰~+3.20‰, and δ34Scp<δ34Spy. Therefore ore-forming fluid of porphyry comes from mantle and was contaminated by the earth’s crust. Sulfur isotope has reached balance in ore-forming process. 7. Sulfur isotope analyses show that δ34S values of sulfates vary in the range of +2.15‰~+6.73‰, with an average of +3.74‰, mostly equals as δ34S values of primary sulfides in Hongshan Cu-Au deposit. So supergene sulfates inherit sulfur of primary sulfide. δ34S values are mostly same in different sulfates. As well as pyrite and chalcopyrite, volcanic hot spring and associated native sulfur underground also provide water medium and sulfur during the formation process of sulfate. 8. According to the EPMA of sample chalcopyrite and pyrite in Hongshan Cu-Au, the value of Cu/Ni is 0.98-34.72, mostly close to the value of 5, which shows that Hongshan deposit is a typical volcanogenic magmaic hypothermal deposit. Au and Ag, Zn, Te and Bi are positive correlation, Cu and Hg, Se, Sb are positive correlation, indicates Au and Cu don’t locate in the factor of mineralization of same mineralization groups. The reasons of gold concentration in the oxidation zone are: 1). Change of redox potential (Eh) makes gold to deposit from the liquid of mineralization zone; 2). PH is one of the most factors of gold’s deposition; 3). Soluble complex and colloid of gold can be adsorbed easily. 9. The biotite and hornblende K-Ar isotopic ages from the wall rock－quartz diorite, biotite granite and monzonite granite are 231.99±3.45Ma, 237.97±2.36Ma and 296.53±6.69Ma respectively. The ore-bearing rhyolitic breccia lava contains breccia of the biotite granite which indicates the volcanism and related Cu-Au mineralization occurred later than the granite, possibly in Mesozoic. K-Ar ages of granitoids in Sanya, Baishiquan and Hongliugou area and Molybdenite Re-Os age of Baishan Mo deposit all are in Triassic. Besides late Paleozoic magmatism, igneous magmatic event of Mesozoic was widespread in eastern Tianshan. 10. The K-Ar age dating indicates that the K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 1m is 56.02±3.98Ma, K-Ar age of Ferricopiapite occurred below surface 1.5m is 8.62±1.12Ma, K-Ar age of Yavapaiite occurred below surface 14 m is 4.07±0.39Ma, and K-Ar age of Voltaite occurred below surface 10 m is 14.73±1.73Ma. So the age interval of oxidation zone of Hongshan copper-golden bed is between 60 -3.38Ma. Oxidization occurred at Caenozoic era (from 65Ma), which can be identified through comparing with different deposits oxidation zone in other countries. The coupling between global tectonic event and climatic change event which occur from Caenozoic era has some effect on epigeosphere system, which can act on the surface of bed oxidation zone similarly. It induces that the age mentioned above coincide with collision of India-Asia and multistage uplifting of Qinhai-Tibet Plateau happened subsequently. Bed oxidation zone is the effect and record of collision and uplifting of Tibet Plateau. The strong chemical weathering of surface accumulation to which was leaded by PETM event occurred Paleocene and Eocene is the reason of Voltaite sharply rises. On the contrary, Ferricopiapite formed due to the global cold weather. The predecessor did much research through biota, isotopes, susceptibility, but this paper try to use different sulfate mineral instead of climatic change. So the research of sulfate minerals not only indicates a great deal of oxidized zone feature, but also the intergrowth of sulfate minerals may be used to trace paleoenviroment and paleoclimate of oxidation zone. 11. Analysis of the information of alteration and mineralization features of four bore cores, induced activity polarization well logging and Eh-4 geophysical section, deep mineralization anomaly objects of Hongshan ore districts shows low resistance, middle and high polarization, measurements of Eh-4 consecutive conductance section show the existing of concealed porphyry ore body deeper than 450m, on the top of and around rock body there are low resistance body ranged from 100-300Ω•m, this area may be the ore-bearing part. In a word, Hongshan Cu-Au deposit deposit is a combine of upper HS-style epithermal Au deposit and deeper porphyry mineralization system. It has great potential to find large HS-style epithermal-porphyry Au-Cu deposits. This paper consists of seven chapters and twenty seven sections. The geological character of deposit is basic condition in this work. Constitute of oxidation zone, research of sulfate mineral, relation between oxidation and primary zone, K-Ar ages of potassic sulfate are key parts of thesis. Genesis of ore deposit is the further expansion of this research. Analysis of ore-controlling factors is the penetration above basic. Analysis of potential is application of exploration.

孤岛油田油藏动态模型和开发环境及剩余油分布

This paper is an important part of the national "863" topic :"Reservoir dynamic model, the development environment and the forecast of remaining oil". In this paper, multi-theory, method and technology are synthesized, and sufficiently use the computer method. We use unifies of qualitative and quota, unifies of macroscopic and microscopic, unifies of dynamic and quiescent description of reservoir, unifies of comprehensive research about reservoir and physical mathematical simulation, unifies of three-dimensional and four-dimensional description of reservoir to research the reservoir of channel sand in Gudao oilfield. and we do some research about the last 10 years of the more than 30 year high pressure water injection and polymer water flooding development, dynamic changes and geologic hazard of reservoir fluid field. It discloses the distribution, genesis and controlling factors. The main innovation achievement and the understanding are: we built-up the framework of the strata and structure, and found genetic type, spatial distribution and aeolotropism of the upper Guantao member. We form the macroscopic and microscopic reservoir model of dynamic evolution, disclose the character, distribution of the macroscopic and microscopic parameter，and the relationship with remaining oil. Next we built-up the model about hydrosialite, and find the styles, group of styles, formation mechanism and controlling factors of the reservoir, disclose the affection of the hydrosialite to remaining oil, pollution of the production environment of oilfield and geologic hazard. The geologic hazards are classified to 8 styles first time, and we disclose the character, distribution law, formation mechanism and controlling factors of the geologic hazard. We built-up the model of the distribution of remaining oil in different periods of Gudao oilfield, and disclose the macroscopic and microscopic formation mechanism of remaining oil in different periods, forecast the distribution of the mobile remaining oil, and find that the main cause of the dynamic evolution of all the sub-models of reservoir fluid field is the geologic process of the reservoir development hydrodynamic force. We develop the reservoir fluid field, research of environment disaster and the description about the support theory, method and technology. The use of this theory in Gudao oilfield has obtained very good economic efficiency, and deepened and develops development geology about the continental facies fault-trough basin, and theory of geologic hazard.

天山南北山前盆地中-新生代沉积记录及其动力学分析

It has been long known that intense multiple Mesozoic-Cenozoic intracontinental deformations have controlled the grand scale basin-range structural evolution of the Tianshan and its adjacent basins. So it is important to study the sedimentary records of the piedmont basins along the two sides of the Tianshan synthetically for the continental geodynamic research.We carried out a magnetostratigraphy study on Cretaceous- Tertiary succession and U-Pb dating analysis of detrital zircons from the representative sandstone samples of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits in Kuqa Subbasin, northern Tarim Basin, combining our previous results of multiple depositional records from different profiles including paleocurrent data, conglomerate clast, sandstone framswork grains, detrital heavy minerals and geochemistry analysis, so the multiple intracontinental tectonic processes of Tianshan and their depositional response in the Kuqa Subbasin can be revealed. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the Tianshan Orogen and the sedimentary processes of the Kuqa Subbasin can be divided into four periods: early Triassic(active period), from middle Triassic to late Jurassic(placid period), from early Cretaceous to Tertiary Paleocene(active period) and from Neogene to present (intensely active period). Simultaneously，the depositional records reveal the provenance types and tectonic attributes in different periods. As follows, the lower Triassic with a dominant age ranging from 250 to 290Ma of the Zircons, which were principally derived from alkali feldspar granites and alkaline intrusion obviously, relative to the magma activity in Permian. In middle Triassic-late Jurassic, the two samples collected from the Taliqike formation and the Qiakemake formation respectively show the age peak at 350～450Ma, which was relative to the subduction of the Tarim Block to Yili-Central Tianshan Plate. In this period the provenance of the Kuqa deposits was the Central Tianshan arc orogenic belts distantly with little height predominance.During early Cretaceous-Paleogene, two major zircons age spectra at 240~330Ma and 370~480Ma have been acquired, with some other not dominant age ranges, indicating complicated provenance types. In Neogene, the detrital zircons age dating ranges from 460 to 390 Ma primarily. What’s more, the newer chronology of the stratigraphy and the older source age, indicating that Tianshan was uplifted and exhumated further strongly. Further study on the heavy mineral and the detrital zircons age dating of the Mesozoic-Paleogene representative profiles in southern Junggar Basin, combined with the published results of the sandstone framework grains, we consider that it occurred obvious sedimentary and tectonic changes occurred in the inside of Jurassic, from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous and form early Cretaceous to late Cretaceous. On this faces, there are remarkable changes of the steady minerals and unstable minerals, the sandstone maturity and the age spectra of the detrital zircons. Compared the sedimentary records from the two sides of the Tianshan, We find that they are different obviously since Middle Jurassic. It can be concluded that Tianshan have uplifted highly enough to influence the paleo-climatic. According to the current strata division, the structural activity apparently showed a migration from north to south. That is to say, the South Tianshan uplift later than the north, especially from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous , but it was uplifted and exhumated more strongly. Furthermore, correlating the depositional records and tectonic styles in the Kuqa-South Tianshan basin-range conjugation site in the east with the west, the obvious differentiation between the west and the east from the Cretaceous especially in Tertiary along the Tianshan-Kuqa belt was revealed, probably showing earlier uplifting in the east while greater exhumation depth and sediment rates in the west. In addition, the contacting style of Kuqa subbasin to the Tianshan Orogenic belts and the basement structure are also inconsistent at different basin-range conjugation sites. It is probably controlled by a series of N-S strike adjusting belts within the Kuqa subbasin, or probably correlated with the material difference at the complicated basin-range boundary. The research on the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic-depositional response in the piedmont basins along the two sides of the Tianshan shows that the basin-filling process was controlled by the intracontinental multicyclic basin-range interactions, especially affected by the intense tectonic differentiations of basin-range system, which can’t be illuminated using a single evolutionary model.

孔南地区孔一段、孔二段储层构型及改善开发效果对策研究

Integrating geology, core, well-logging, experimental data, and production data, with the guide of sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology, reservoir exploitation geology and other disciplines’ theories, combinating the sequence stratigraphy and Maill’s reservoir architectures concepts and theories, the research and analysis methods of non-marine fan-delta reservoir architectures are systemly set out. And the correspondence of reservoir structures, sedimentology and reservoir geology is established. An integral and systematical research approach and theory and conception of reservoir architecture is developed, which enriched the reservoir research theory. Considering the requirement to the reservoir research in different development phase, the six classification systems of reservoir architectures are brought up. According to different reservoir’s connection and location of Ek different levels of reservoir architecture, 3 types, 20 kind architectures styles are summarized. The research about undisturbed reservoir characterization is launched, through analyzing reservoir characterization to pour water to the different reservoirs of Kongnan region, the changing regular pattern of reservoir quality during pouring water process is summarized. Combined with the actual zone data, inner-well reservoir geometry relationship of injection-production model is designed, and the models of development process are dynamic simulated. In view of seven laboratory samples of 3 types, six order architecture unit of braided stream, fan-delta and nearshore subsea apron in Kongnan region, the remaining oil distribution model is determined. Using the geo-statistics methods dissect the key regions, the tectono-stratigraphical model and the reservoir parameters model are established. The distribution of the characteristics of the underground reservoir is quantitatively described. Based on the reservoir research, carrying out the development of different characteristics of reservoir, the development pattern and countermeasures are determined. The relationships between reservoir structure levels and reservoir development stages are summed up, the relationships between architecture unit of different levels and exploration develop stages are determined.

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中生代构造与地层分析及盆地演化研究

Through the detailed analyses of Mesozoic tectono-stratigraphy and basin formation dynamic mechanism and the styles of different units in the western margin of Ordos Basin(Abbreviated to "the western margin"), while some issues of the pre-Mesozoic in the western margin and central part of Ordos Basin also be discussed, the main views and conclusion as follows: 1. There are three types of depositional systems which are related with syndepositional tectonic actions and different tectonic prototype basins, including: alluvial fan systems, river system (braided river system and sinuosity river system), lacustrine-river delta system and fan delta system. They have complex constitutions of genetic facies. For the tectonic sequence VI, the fan sediments finning upper in the north-western margin and coarse upper in the south-western margin respectively. 2. In order to light the relationship between basin basement subsidence rate and sediment supply and the superposed styles, five categories of depositional systems tracts in different prototype basins were defined: aggrading and transgressive systems tracts during early subsidence stage, regressive and aggrading systems tracts during rapid subsidence, upper transgessive systems tracts during later subsidence stage. Different filling characteristics and related tectonic actions in different stages in Mesozoic period were discussed. 3. In order to determined the tectonic events of the provenance zones and provenance strata corresponding to basins sediments, according the clastics dispersal style and chemical analyses results of sediments in different areas, the provenance characteristics have been described. The collision stage between the "Mongolia block" and the north-China block may be the late permian; The sediments of Mesozoic strata in the north-western margin is mainly from the Alex blocks and north-Qilian Paleozoic orogeny, while the south-western margin from Qinling orogeny. The volcanic debris in the Yan'an Formation may be from the arc of the north margin of north-China block, although more study needed for the origin of the debris. The provenance of the Cretaceous may be from the early orogeny and the metamorphic basement of Longshan group. 4. The subsidence curve and subsidence rate and sedimentary rate in different units have been analyzed. For different prototype basin, the form of the subsidence curves are different. The subsidence of the basins are related with the orogeny of the basins.The beginning age of the foreland basin may be the middle Triassic. The change of basement subsidence show the migration of the foredeep and forebulge into the basin. The present appearance of the Ordos basin may be formed at the late stage of Cretaceous, not formed at the late Jurassic. 5. The structure mode of the west margin is very complex. Structure transfer in different fold-thrust units has been divided into three types: transfer faults, transition structures and intersected form. The theoretic explanations also have been given for the origin and the forming mechanism. The unique structure form of Hengshanpu is vergent west different from the east vergence of most thrust faults, the mechanism of which has been explained. 6. In Triassic period, the He1anshan basin is extensional basin while the Hengshanbu is "forland", and the possible mechanism of the seemingly incompatible structures has been explained. First time, the thesis integrate the Jurassic—early Cretaceous basins of west margin with the Hexi corridor basins and explain the unitive forming mechanism. The model thinks the lateral extrusion is the main mechanism of the Hexi corridor and west margin basins, meanwhile, the deep elements and basement characters of the basins. Also, for the first time, we determine the age of the basalt in Helanshan area as the Cretaceous period, the age matching with the forming of the Cretaceous basins and as the main factor of the coal metamorphism in the Helanshan area. 7. The Neoprotterozoic aulacogen is not the continuation of the Mesozoic aulacogen, while it is another new rift stage. In the Paleozoic, the Liupanshan—southern Helanshan area is part of the back-arc basins of north Qilian ocean. 8. The Helanshan "alacogen" is connected with the north margin of north China block, not end at the north of Zhouzishan area like "appendices". Also, I think the upper Devonian basin as the beginning stage of the extensional early Carboniferous basins, not as a part of the foreland basins of Silurian period, not the collision rift. 9. The controlling factor of the difference of the deformation styles of the north-west margin and the south-west margin is the difference of the basements and adjacent tectonic units of the two parts.