53 resultados para Santi, Giovanni, 1435-1494


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

利用二维数值模拟的方法研究了侧加热腔体内的自然对流.基于数值模拟结果,描述了水平热入侵流(intrusion)的整个演化过程,并对该过程的物理机制进行了讨论.结果表明:当热入侵流抵达腔体冷壁后,由于冷壁无法卷入所有的热入侵流,热入侵流在冷上角堆积并产生一个反向流动,在冷壁边界层附近形成一个顺时针涡,该涡在浮力效应驱动下可返回热壁,并在腔体的冷热壁之间形成了腔体尺度的流体振荡,即内重力波.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

叙述了高速可压缩边界层流动稳定性转捩点预报的数值计算法。特别是Rayleigh反迭代法与边界层渐近匹配方法的配合,有效地提高了计算精度,节省了存储和计算时间。该文的研究结果与已有的实验结果一致。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Cylindrical cellular detonation is numerically investigated by solving two-dimensional reactive Euler equations with a finite volume method on a two-dimensional self-adaptive unstructured mesh. The one-step reversible chemical reaction model is applied to simplify the control parameters of chemical reaction. Numerical results demonstrate the evolution of cellular cell splitting of cylindrical cellular detonation explored in experimentas. Split of cellular structures shows different features in the near-field and far-field from the initiation zone. Variation of the local curvature is a key factor in the behavior of cell split of cylindrical cellular detonation in propagation. Numerical results show that split of cellular structures comes from the self-organization of transverse waves corresponding to the development of small disturbances along the detonation front related to detonation instability.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

To attempt to control the quantum state of a physical system with a femtosecond two-colour laser field, a model for the two-level system is analysed as a first step. We investigate the coherent control of the two-colour laser pulses propagating in a two-level medium. Based on calculating the influence of the laser field with various laser parameters on the electron dynamics, it is found the electronic state can be changed up and down by choosing the appropriate laser pulses and the coherent control of the two-colour laser pulses can substantially modify the behaviour of the electronic dynamics: a quicker change of two states can be produced even for small pulse duration. Moreover, the oscillatory structures around the resonant frequency and the propagation features of the laser pulses depend sensitively on the relative phase of the two-colour laser pulses. Finally, the influence of a finite lifetime of the upper level is discussed in brief.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

星间激光通讯中,精跟踪起着十分重要的作用,而精密偏转镜(FSM)是精跟踪系统中最为关键的部件.基于光学矢量反射定律,推导得到了FSM的精确光学特性,这一特性为精跟踪控制系统提供了精确的理论依据.设计了基于FSM精确光学特性的精跟踪控制系统,对系统整定所用的单纯形法进行了两点重要改进,并对所设计的精跟踪系统进行了数字模拟,由此实现了对FSM的精确控制,提高了精跟踪系统的精确性;将光学衍射超分辨原理应用到星间激光通讯中.利用三区位相光瞳滤波器的超分辨性能,改变光学系统的点扩散函数,从而改变接收端焦平面上的光强

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

给出描述光波通过傍轴光学系统衍射的柯林斯公式及其逆运算表达式,然后将数字全息检测研究中的物平面及CCD探测平面视为ABCD系统的输入平面及输出平面,提出通过柯林斯公式的逆运算进行波面重构的一种计算方法。为便于该方法的实际应用,研究了参考光是球面波时全息图的频谱结构,并从理论上证明,全息图的频率空问中存在可以通过滤波器分离的物光及共轭物光的频谱。最后.通过理论模拟及实验研究证明了使用柯林斯公式的逆运算重构波面的可能性。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

制备了不同氟化物含量的(1-x)TeO2-AlF3(x=10%,20%,30%,按摩尔计)透明氟碲酸盐玻璃。利用差热分析和Raman光谱对玻璃的性质和结构进行研究。结果显示:当x达到30%时,氟化铝以Al-F多面体的形式进入玻璃网络结构。随着氟化物含量增加,玻璃在中红外区的透过率提高,玻璃结构单元从[Te(O,F)4]三方双锥向[Te(O,F)3]三方锥转变。Raman光谱显示:1个宽的强峰出现在750~840cm^-1,表明玻璃中Te-O键长介于0.185-0.196nm之间。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

干旱区和半干旱区生长的植物具有复杂的生存机制,以确保其能够在特定的环境中生存和发展。植物在干旱的荒漠条件下的生存,与其特殊的种子萌发机制密切相关,这种机制能够确保植物在合适的时间与地点进行种子萌发与幼苗生长发育。在植物的生活史中,种子对极端环境具有最大的忍耐力,而萌发的幼苗对环境胁迫的忍耐程度最小。在干旱区生长的植物往往具有特殊的萌发机制使萌发出的幼苗能够度过对外界的敏感期,对于植物的生存具有重要意义。 毛乌素沙地是我国的四大沙地之一,该地区具有水分短缺,蒸发强烈,风沙剧烈和生境异质性高的特征。本文假设生长在这种极端环境中的植物也发展出了“适时适地”的种子萌发和幼苗生长的适应对策。为了验证以上的假设,本文选取毛乌素沙地不同生境中生长的两种优势固沙禾草——流动沙丘上生长的沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)和固定沙丘上生长的赖草(Leymus secalinus)为研究材料,通过野外调查、温室控制实验和实验室控制实验的方法,从生理生态学的角度探讨这两种植物的种子萌发和幼苗生长过程对沙丘环境的适应对策,主要对比它们在种子休眠、萌发和幼苗早期生长过程中对沙丘生境适应性的异同点。研究结果表明: (1)新成熟的沙鞭和赖草的种子为适应冬季低温而发展出生理性的内生休眠——非深度生理休眠。沙鞭和赖草的种子分别需要经过4周和8周的低温层积处理(3-5ºC)来完全打破休眠。另外,划破种皮或者部分切除胚乳也能够促进种子的萌发,这进一步证明两种植物的种子具有非深度生理休眠。然而,切除胚乳在不同程度上影响它们的幼苗生长。由非深度生理休眠、温度和损伤种皮/胚乳调节的部分萌发机制能够确保两种植物的种子即使在条件适宜的情况下只有部分种子萌发,从而分散植物生存的风险性。 (2)毛乌素沙地的小量降水(无法触发萌发)使种子经常遭受湿润-干燥的交替胁迫过程。种子先在湿润条件下吸涨1d或者2d,然后在室温下干燥0-8天。尽管在经历反复吸涨和自然干燥脱水后仍能够保持萌发能力,沙鞭和赖草种子的萌发特性却发生了不同的变化:和各自的对照相比,沙鞭种子萌发率相同而萌发速率降低;赖草种子的萌发率和萌发速率都降低,部分种子进入休眠状态。沙鞭和赖草萌发出的幼苗可能由于没有后续降雨或者因沙蚀而遭受干燥胁迫,但是其幼苗在生长早期能够忍耐一定程度的干燥,再次湿润后部分幼苗能够恢复生长。沙鞭和赖草幼苗的耐干燥的“极限点”不同:当幼根长度为1 mm时,它们的幼苗忍耐干燥的时间分别是60d和30d;当幼根长度为4 mm时,它们的幼苗忍耐干燥的时间分别是14d和7d。沙鞭和赖草的种子和生长早期的幼苗的耐干燥性特性可能是它们对降雨量和降雨时间都不可预测的沙地生境的生存策略之一。 (3)不同的沙埋深度影响沙鞭和赖草的种子萌发和出苗。这两种植物的种子萌发和出苗都需1-2 cm的浅层沙埋。随着沙埋深度的增加,两种植物的种子萌发率和出苗率逐渐降低,强迫休眠率逐渐升高;萌发率与出苗率和沙埋深度呈负相关关系而休眠率和沙埋深度呈正相关关系。但是,沙鞭种子出苗的最大沙埋深度是8 cm,而赖草的则为4 cm。因强迫休眠而没有萌发的种子对维持一个长期的土壤种子库来说具有生态学优势,这些种子暴露在合适的萌发土壤深度时具有生长出幼苗的潜能。 (4)沙鞭和赖草的种子都具有大小的差异性,种子大小对沙鞭和赖草的种子在不同沙埋深度的出苗具有不同的影响。沙鞭的三种不同大小种子的平均质量分别为小,4.489 ± 0.012 mg (4 – 4.9 mg);中,5.457 ± 0.012 mg (5 – 5.9 mg)和大,6.415 ± 0.011 mg (6 – 6.9 mg)。赖草的两种不同大小种子的平均质量分别为小,3.083 ± 0.026 mg (3 – 3.5 mg)和大3.955 ± 0.028 mg (3.6 – 4.0 mg)。在相同的沙埋深度下,两种植物的大种子的出苗率都显著高于小种子。和小种子相比,两种植物的大种子由于贮藏更多的能量,所以在相同深度的沙埋中具有出苗率更高的生态优势,而大量小种子在沙埋中不能萌发,可以作为种子库保存在沙层中,这样就分散了一次性大量萌发给植物带来的冒险性。 (5)沙鞭和赖草的幼苗在生长过程中会遭受沙埋,其幼苗忍耐沙埋的能力与沙埋的相对深度(沙埋比例)和幼苗年龄有关。沙鞭和赖草幼苗的耐沙埋能力不同:沙鞭的2周龄幼苗可以忍耐达到株高100%的沙埋,而其1周龄幼苗只能忍耐75%的沙埋。赖草的1周龄和2周龄幼苗都只能忍耐75%的沙埋。沙埋之后,沙鞭和赖草幼苗的生物量,根/茎比以及根和茎的长度都受到不同程度的影响。赖草幼苗不能忍耐完全沙埋可能是限制它在流动沙丘上分布的一个原因。 (6)降雨量和降雨频率能够不同程度地影响沙鞭和赖草在不同沙层的萌发和出苗。这两种植物的种子萌发和出苗需要的最小降雨量不同:在一次浇水相当于5 mm降雨量后,沙鞭和赖草种子的萌发率都超过50%;但是使沙鞭和赖草的出苗率能够达到50%的降雨量分别为10 mm和15 mm。沙埋中的沙鞭和赖草种子的出苗对降雨的响应具有以下特征:两种植物种子的出苗随降雨量或者降雨频率的增加而增加;沙鞭的出苗率受到降雨量和降雨频率的显著影响,但是二者交互作用的影响不显著;赖草的出苗率受到降雨量、降雨频率以及二者交互作用的显著影响。 由非深度生理休眠,种子大小,干燥-湿润循环,沙埋和降雨调节的种子萌发和出苗机制确保了自然条件下沙鞭和赖草每次只有少量种子萌发和出苗,从而分散了两种植物在沙丘上的生存风险。 根据沙鞭和赖草在沙丘上的种子萌发和幼苗生长特性,本文为毛乌素沙地通过植物固沙恢复受损的沙地生态系统的种子飞播实践提出了几点建议。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本研究运用JKLMNOP逆行追踪结合胆碱乙酰化酶免疫组织化学法研究了树鼠句内侧隔核M斜角带复合体向腹侧海马 的投射Q结果表明B)R+树鼠句腹侧海马接受内侧隔核M斜角带复合体的投射有三种形式B即来自内侧隔核B内侧隔核M斜角带垂直部 的外侧部和内侧隔核M斜角带垂直部的后部Q)G+腹侧海马来自内侧隔核和斜角带垂直部的投射主要是非胆碱能的B其非胆碱能 和胆碱能均主要来自内侧隔核Q)I+腹侧海马各亚区)SLRTSLGUSLI和齿状回门区或SLE+都主要接受内侧隔核的纤维传入B但 胆碱能和非胆碱能比例不同BSLRTSLGUSLI和SLE来自内侧隔核M斜角带垂直部的投射均主要是非胆碱能的B且主要来自内 侧隔核B其胆碱能几乎等量来自内侧隔核和斜角带垂直部Q内侧隔核M斜角带复合体@腹侧海马亚区胆碱能和非胆碱能投射比例 的不同B为认识内侧隔核M斜角带复合体@海马通路对记忆环路中的海马调节机制B提供了新的形态学依据Q

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

羟基多氯联苯是典型持久性有机污染物(POPs)———多氯联苯在生物体内的主要活性代谢产物,已在许多野生动物和人体内被检出。由于其化学结构与天然雌激素、甲状腺激素十分类似,因此羟基多氯联苯的内分泌干扰效应近年来已开始受到国际上的高度关注。本文对多氯联苯的代谢途径、羟基多氯联苯在生物体内的浓度水平、内分泌干扰及其多种毒性作用机制进行了综述。有关对多氯联苯的活性代谢产物———羟基多氯联苯的深入研究,将有助于进一步揭示多氯联苯的毒性机制,为我国早日建立有效的POPs污染危害评价与早期预警系统提供科学依据。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

By suppression subtractive hybridization, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and gene walking methods, interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), Viperin and ISG15, and their promoters have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus. The Viperin cDNA was found to be 1474 nt and contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1059 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 352 amino acid (aa). The putative peptide of Viperin shows high identity to that in teleosts and mammals except for the N-terminal 70 aa. The ISG15 cDNA was found to be 758 nt and contain an ORF of 468 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 155 aa. The putative peptide of ISG15 is composed of two tandem repeats of ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains, and a canonical conjugation motif (LRGG) at C-terminal. Viperin and ISG15 promoter regions were characterized by the presence of interferon stimulating response elements (ISRE) and gamma-IFN activation sites (GAS). ISRE is a feature of IFN-induced gene promoter and partially overlaps interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1 and IRF2 recognition sites. GAS is responsible for the gamma-IFN mediated transcription. One conserved site for NF-kappa B was found in the promoter region of Viperin. This is the first report of conservative binding motif for NF-kappa B in accordance with the consensus sequence (GGGRN-NYYCC) among teleost ISG promoters. Moreover, there were also TATA, CAAT and Sp1 transcription factor sites in Viperin and ISG15 promoters. In 5' untranslated region (UTR), snakehead ISG15 gene contains a single intron, which differs from Viperin gene. The transcripts of Vipeirn and ISG15 mRNA were mainly expressed in head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen and gill. The expression levels in liver were found to increase obviously in response to induction by IFN-inducer poly I : C.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Microcystins are a kind of cyclic hepatotoxins produced by many cyanobacterial species. Many works have been done concerning, the toxic effects of microcystins on animals and plants. However, the reports about their effects on microbial cells are very limited. In the present paper, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) was used to determine the dose- and time-effect of microcystin-RR, and the results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased to that of control, when exposed to 5 or 10 mu g/ml microcystin-RR for 1 h. The contents of thiobarbituric acid-reactive sub-stances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) as well as glu-tathione reductase (GR) activity were obviously increased only when exposed to 10 mu g/ml microcystin-RR. For the time-effect of microcystin-RR on B. subtilis, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and CAT as well as GR activity and TBARS, GSH contents in B. subtilis were at first significantly increased, and then subsequently de-creased. These results suggested that microcystin-RR could induce the oxidative stress of B. subtilis for a short period. The antioxidant system protects B. subtilis from oxidative damage.