58 resultados para Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
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共沉淀法合成的层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2,其中x=0.1,0.2,0.3和1,采用XRD和电化学方法对合成的层状Li(Ni1-xCox)O2进行了研究.研究表明在镍酸锂中随着Co含量的增加,Co的增加改变了镍离子与周围氧离子和锂离子的相互作用,阻止了锂离子择优位离开镍酸锂晶体,因此,在镍酸锂中增加一定Co可以阻止镍酸锂由H1向M相转变.同理,在钴酸锂中增加一定Ni可以阻止钴酸锂由H1向H2相和H2相向M相转变.锂离子择优位离开镍酸锂时,存在J-T效应,使得镍酸锂在脱锂过程中发生H1向M相转变,与镍酸
Towards an Understanding of the Influence of Sedimentation on Colloidal Aggregation by Peclet Number
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The Peclet number is a useful index to estimate the importance of sedimentation as compared to the Brownian motion. However, how to choose the characteristic length scale for the Peclet number evaluation is rather critical because the diffusion length increases as the square root of the time whereas the drifting length is linearly related to time. Our Brownian dynamics simulation shows that the degree of sedimentation influence on the coagulation decreases when the dispersion volume fraction increases. Therefore using a fixed length, such as the diameter of particle, as the characteristic length scale for Peclet number evaluation is not a good choice when dealing with the influence of sedimentation on coagulation. The simulations demonstrated that environmental factors in the coagulation process, such as dispersion volume fraction and size distribution, should be taken into account for more reasonable evaluation of the sedimentation influence.
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基于快放电(毫微秒)XeCl激光器电极两端电压和电流的精确测量和计算机分析,给出高气压(3—8大气压力)激光放电等离子体的动态阻抗特性。在几毫微秒内,阻抗降到欧姆量级。研究了放电峰值电流和平均阻抗与充电电压和气体压力的关系。结果显示,放电等离子体阻抗与传输线阻抗精确匹配并不是十分重要和实际的。
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通过引入深刻蚀光栅结构,普通的石英玻璃可以表现出类似双折射晶体的偏振分光性能。这种深刻蚀光栅是一种亚波长光栅结构,仅存在两个衍射级次,通过光栅表面刻蚀深度的优化控制,实现不同偏振方向的光出射到不同衍射级次上,实现了偏振分光的功能。
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本文以中国不同年代主要的玉米品种为试验材料,深入研究了玉米品种更替过程中新老品种的生理生态特征和竞争力差异,分析了差异形成的原因并进行了理论探讨。 玉米新老品种竞争力差异的研究采用了单作和混作两种方式,设高低两个密度。生长过程中全面测量了生物量、形态、生理和群体指标,运用了生长分析的方法来研究竞争,整合了各水平参数来解释竞争结果,并用本研究数据检验了生长冗余理论。 玉米新老品种对比研究发现新品种的生理生态特征普遍优于老品种。这些优势不仅体现在较高的生物量积累、较大的籽粒库容和较强的再分配能力上,而且体现在高的叶面积指数、衰老过程中仍维持较高的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量和光合效率上,同时新品种的群体特性还具有更低的感病率和更少的无效分蘖。玉米新老品种竞争结果表明在混作条件下,相对总产量这一指标反映出新老品种间明显的互利效应,且这种效应随发育阶段而降低。新品种对老品种的相对竞争力则随着发育阶段波动,并且密度和发育阶段两因子对品种竞争力的影响有明显的相互作用。相对于新品种,老品种的确存在叶片和根系的生长冗余部分,但老品种并没有在混作竞争中获得明显的竞争优势,即玉米品种选育并不完全符合生长冗余理论,因此在理解植物竞争力方面仍需要其他层面更深入的探讨。 同时,玉米品种选育不完全符合生长冗余理论的结论在农学实践上并非毫无价值。因为新品种总生物量的提高,不仅增加了籽粒产量,而且增加了秸秆产量,提供了更多可利用的生物质资源。相对于仅仅关注粮食产量,综合利用中国农村巨大的生物质资源具有更重要的生态意义。
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对采自麻栗坡县的晋通马矮马各3匹的材料,所用20种限制性内切酶中,有16种可产生切点,平均每个个体获得56条限制性片段。与其它家畜家一不同,家马有高度的mtDNA多态性,6匹马均有自己独特的mtD-NA基因型,提示该地家马可能为多起源,至少有多重母系,这些母系可追溯到1~10万年前,与化石记载相一致。本次实验未找到将两种马区分开的特异性多态标记,这可能是同栖于同一生态环境中,相互交配,血液相融,而不是各自起源于自己原母系。由于所测样本数较少,尚不能得到区分两种马的一个统计学上的规律性来。云南地理地貌十分复杂,马的品种或类群较多,亦可能是多起源,其遗传多样性很丰富。因此,云南马是值得保护和重视的种质资源库。自80年代以来,动物线粒体DNA(mtD-NA)在群体遗传及进化生物学研究中起着重要作用,由于其组成序列简单,母体遗传,且不存在重组,所以是追踪母系血统的理想标记和能对漂移血统进行识别 ̄[1](Harrisonl989年).在家养动物中,对mtDNA多态性研究以前多在鸡、黄牛、猪中进行,它们的mtDNA多态频率相当低 ̄[2]。Marthew和Ryder(1986)的研究已涉及家马mtDNA种内特异性的情况.
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目的探讨大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株的 抑制作用及对端粒酶的影响。方法采用肿瘤细胞培养方 法,检测大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株."%、/01’)+、 234/56的抑制作用;以.&-7’78&’9:02-方法检测大蹼铃 蟾蛋白提取物对膀胱癌细胞株端粒酶表达的影响。结果 大蹼铃蟾蛋白提取物表现出对膀胱癌细胞株有较强的抑制 作用;对膀胱癌细胞株端粒酶表达则无影响。结论大蹼铃 蟾蛋白提取物对多个膀胱癌细胞株具有直接细胞杀伤作用, 其作用机制不通过抑制端粒酶活性。
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软体动物的生物量常用带壳湿重表示,然而外壳的主要成分是碳酸钙,不宜计为生物量,去壳干重和无灰干重相对更接近真实生物量,但其测量过于繁琐,因此有必要建立一套简单易行的方法对这2种干重生物量进行换算.选择长江流域常见的6种淡水螺类(环棱螺、长角涵螺、纹沼螺、大沼螺、方格短沟蜷和萝卜螺),对其螺壳的5个形态参数和带壳干湿重与去壳干重和无灰干重的关系进行了研究.结果表明:这6种螺类的5个形态参数与去壳干重和无灰干重的回归关系均为指数式(y=axb),其中,壳宽和壳长的换算效果(预测值与实测值间的百分误差率均值分别
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介绍了藻类的种群结构、污染指示种、生长潜力、种类多样性指数和综合指数等生物学指标在湖泊营养型评价中的应用;详细列举了超富营养型(Hypertrophication)、富营养型(Eutrophication)、中营养型(Mesotrophication)和寡营养型(Olipotrophication)等四类水体的部分指示藻类及大致表观现象;针对湖泊富营养化中备受关注的营养过剩和藻类生长过度问题,简要报道了国内外有关湖泊富营养化治理中的藻类N、P处理和除藻研究进展,以及近期作者在相关研究领域所开展的工作和初步
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通过构建依赖NADPH的乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶基因(phbB)的衣藻表达载体, 用石英砂VOTEX转化技术, 将phbB基因导入细胞壁缺陷的莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc-849)中, 用含有10 mg/mL的Zeomycin的平板培养基进行筛选和实验室保持培养, 得到了表达phbB基因的转基因藻株. PCR和Southern blot结果显示phbB基因已整合到莱茵衣藻基因组中. RT-PCR与DNA杂交的检测结果显示, 导入的phbB基因在衣藻中具有转录活性.
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Khawia saurogobii n. sp. is described from the intestine of the cyprinid fishes Saurogobio dabryi and Saurogobio dumerili in China. The new species belongs to the Lytocestidae and is placed in Khawia because of its afossate scolex, vitelline follicles in the cortical parenchyma, uterus not looping anterior to the cirrus sac, gonopores separate but close together in distinct genital atrium, external seminal vesicle absent, and postovarian follicles present. The new species differs from other congeneric species by the shape of the body markedly tapering posteriorly from the end of the anterior third, the shape of the scolex that is very short and markedly wider than the neck, spatulate without incisions, but shallow superficial grooves, vitelline follicles and testes starting immediately posterior to the scolex, and an ovary with long, posterior arms bent medially, thus giving the shape of an inverted A.
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Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) films were prepared by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique, and the stresses were primary estimated by measuring the frequency shifts in the infrared-absorption peaks of c-BN samples. To test the possible effects of other factors, dependencies of the c-BN transversal optical mode position on film thickness and c-BN content were investigated. Several methods for reducing the stress of c-BN films including annealing, high temperature deposition, two-stage process, and the addition of a small amount of Si were studied, in which the c-BN films with similar thickness and cubic phase content were used to evaluate the effects of the various stress relief methods. It was shown that all the methods can reduce the stress in c-BN films to various extents. Especially, the incorporation of a small amount of Si (2.3 at.%) can result in a remarkable stress relief from 8.4 to similar to 3.6 GPa whereas the c-BN content is nearly unaffected, although a slight degradation of the c-BN crystallinity is observed. The stress can be further reduced down below I GPa by combination of the addition of Si with the two-stage deposition process. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.