55 resultados para Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
Resumo:
聚丙烯是一种优异的高分子材料,但其低温抗冲击性能欠佳,因而限制了其应用范围。采用PP与PE嵌段共聚来改善PP的抗冲击性能是世界上目前行之有效的方法,因而引起人们的重视。由于聚丙烯嵌段共聚物(PP-b-PE)是由多组分组成的复杂体系,对其组成和链的结构仍不十分清楚。因此,本工作选取国外(6组)和国内(5组)共计11组PP-b-PE样品,分别对其结构、性能及其影响因素进行了研究,为实际应用提供了依据。为了保证能将PP-b-PE中的橡胶成分抽提出来,先将PP-b-PE样品用二甲苯溶解,之后加入甲醇沉淀、过滤、干燥,最后用正庚烷抽提,使得PP-b-PE样品中正庚烷的不可溶物与可溶物完全分离。其中,可溶物即为橡胶,不可溶物为塑料。再利用高温核磁共振谱仪(NMR)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和傅立汗卜变换红外谱仪(FT-IR)等先进的分析技术手段进行结构分析,并用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察生产过程中样品的形貌。实验和分析结果表明:在正庚烷可溶物中含有低熔点的聚丙烯和嵌段长度不同且能结晶的聚乙烯;并且还含有属于乙丙无规共聚物橡胶部分的n值小于4的(-CH2-)n结构,以及嵌有结晶性的丙烯和乙烯链节。正庚烷的不可溶物主要为聚丙烯,及少量聚乙烯。对于不同物性的PP-b-PE而言,正庚烷不可溶物决定了其刚性,正庚烷可溶物决定了其韧性,并由其粘度比决定了橡胶在聚丙烯中的分布情况。用AFM来研究PP-b-PE中的橡胶颗粒的分布情况是非常好的分析方法。PP-b-PE样品中橡胶的含量及其组成成分将对PP-b-PE的性能产生很大的影响。国内用浆液法生产的PP-b-PE样品中橡胶含量相对于用液一气相法和气相法生产的要少,但在其正庚烷不可溶物中含有较多的乙烯。从而可以用控制乙烯的含量来改善其抗冲击性能,这是浆液法与液一气相法和气相法的最大区别。液一气相法和气相法生产的PP-b-PE样品中的正庚烷可溶物的含量和结构十分接近。结果表明,本文采用多种不同的先进的分析方法和实验手段对PP-b-PE的结构与性能的研究是一条有效可行的实验途径。
Resumo:
于2010-11-23批量导入
Resumo:
The reactions of both thiophene and H2S onMo(2)C/Al2O3 catalyst have been studied by in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. CO adsorption was used to probe the surface sites of Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst under the interaction and reaction of thiophene and H2S. When the fresh Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst is treated with a thiophene/H-2 mixture above 473 K, hydrogenated species exhibiting IR bands in the regions 2800-3000 cm(-1) are produced on the surface, indicating that thiophene reacts with the fresh carbide catalyst at relatively low temperatures. IR spectra of adsorbed CO on fresh Mo2C/Al2O3 pretreated by thiophene/H-2 at different temperatures clearly reveal the gradual sulfidation of the carbide catalyst at temperatures higher than 473 K, while H2S/H-2 can sulfide the Mo2C/Al2O3 catalyst surface readily at room temperature (RT). The sulfidation of the carbide surface by the reaction with thiophene or H2S maybe the major cause of the deactivation of carbide catalysts in hydrotreating reactions. The surface of the sulfided carbide catalyst can be only partially regenerated by a recarburization using CH4/H-2 at 1033 K. When the catalyst is first oxidized and then recarburized, the carbide surface can be completely reproduced.