Phase variations and phase shift in a TE011 mode microwave cavity used for in a miniature Rb fountain frequency standard

It is the first time in China that the phase variations and phase shift of microwave cavity in a miniature Rb fountain frequency standard are studied, considering the effect of imperfect metallic walls. Wall losses in the microwave cavity lead to small traveling wave components that deliver power from the cavity feed to the walls of cavity. The small traveling wave components produce a microradian distribution of phase throughout the cavity ity, and therefore distributed cavity phase shifts need to be considered. The microwave cavity is a TE011 circular cylinder copper cavity, with round cut-hole of end plates (14mm in diameter) for access for the atomic flux and two small apertures in the center of the side wall for coupling in microwave power. After attenuation alpha is calculated, field variations in cavity are solved. The field variations of the cavity are given. At the same time, the influences of loaded quality factor QL and diameter/height (2a/d) of the microwave cavity on the phase variations and phase shift are considered. According to the phase variation and phase shift of microwave cavity we select the parameters of cavity, diameter 2a = 69.2mm, height d = 34.6mm, QL = 5000, which will result in an uncertainty delta(Delta f / f0 ) < 4.7 x 10(-17) and meets the requirement for the miniature Rb fountain frequency standard with accuracy 10(-15).

Formation and modeling of disinfection by-products in drinking water of six cities in China

Funding and support for this project was provided by NSFC (Grant No. 40771015), and Key International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (Grant No. 22007DFC20180). The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2006BAD01B06-02). The authors thank the CDCs of Daqing, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Changsha and Shenzhen cities for field and laboratory technical support.

激光冷却铷原子喷泉钟的微波谐振腔设计

对自行研制的激光冷却铷原子喷泉钟的微波谐振腔进行了分析和设计，确定了需要的微波谐振腔基本参数。对影响微波谐振腔共振频率的因素进行了分析和研究，得到了共振频率随环境因素的变化规律。这些对调节微波腔共振频率和提高原子钟的准确度有重要意义。还对研制的微波谐振腔进行了测试，结果表明微波谐振腔的性能满足激光冷却铷原子喷泉钟的要求。由测试结果进一步估算了微波谐振腔引起的横向腔相移。

拉曼喷泉原子钟

利用拉曼光场代替喷泉原子钟的微波腔实现拉曼喷泉原子钟。将分离拉曼光场技术与冷原子喷泉技术相结合,避免了在真空腔内放置微波腔,简化了真空系统,同时还保持了很高的准确度。采用半经典理论研究了冷原子喷泉与拉曼光场的相互作用过程,得到了冉赛(Ramsey)条纹。比较了拉曼喷泉原子钟与热铯束拉曼原子钟,前者有更小的体积和功耗,其精度可能达到或超过商用小铯钟。还比较了拉曼喷泉原子钟与微波喷泉原子钟的差别,分析了光子反冲的影响,提出利用同向传播和相向传播的两台拉曼原子钟测量精细结构常数。

Ultra-slow atomic beam generation by velocity selective resonance

We describe a method to generate an ultra-slow atomic beam by velocity selective resonance (VSR). A VSR experiment on a metastable helium beam in a magnetic field is presented and the results show that the transverse velocity of the defected beam can be cooled and precisely controlled to less than the recoil velocity, depending on the magnitude of the magnetic field. We extend this idea to a cold atomic cloud to produce an ultra-slow Rb-87 beam that can be used as a source of an atomic fountain clock or a space clock.

乙醛脱氢酶2( ALDH2) 基因研究进展及其与饮酒行为的关系

:亚洲人群中普遍存在突变型的乙醛脱氢酶2 ( ALDH2 3 2) 。此酶突变后活性缺失,导致乙醛在肝脏内大量 累积使突变携带者在喝酒后会有脸红等不适反应,因此这可能影响他们的饮酒行为。由于ALDH2 3 2 等位基因 与饮酒行为相关,它也可能与酒精引起的肝脏损伤及某些癌症密切相关,而且,它在不同的亚洲人群中有不同的频 率分布。近年来对ALDH2 3 2 等位基因的序列结构、表达及其重要功能等有了更深入的了解,对ALDH2 的多态 性在研究方法、研究群体分布范围等都有很大进展。同时还讨论了不同地理分布、不同年龄结构、性别差异条件 下,中国人群中ALDH2 基因型频率与饮酒行为的关系。

Detection of usual and atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase alleles by mismatch amplification mutation assay

The genotypes of liver mitochondrial high-affinity aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) are strongly associated with the drinking behavior and the alcohol liver diseases, since the individuals with atypical ALDH(2)(2) allele have higher levels of acetaldehyde in their plasma. The atypical ALDH(2)(2) allele has a nucleotide base transition (G-->A) in its exon 12. Based on this point mutation, we developed a rapid, reliable and inexpensive method, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA), for the determination of human ALDH2 usual and atypical alleles. Two pairs of primers were designed for the amplification of the usual ALDH(2)(1) allele and the atypical ALDH(2)(2) allele, respectively. If the sample for the detection was heterozygous, it could be amplified by both of the primers. The product of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of ALDH2 exon 12 could be easily screened by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel. The results of the MAMA method were further confirmed by sequencing. In the total of fifty samples from unrelated healthy Chinese Han people from Wuhan, China, the frequency of atypical ALDH(2)(2) allele was found to be 12%.

Origin and dispersal of atypical aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2*487Lys

The East Asian respond with a marked facial flushing and mild to moderate symptoms of intoxication after drinking the amounts of alcohol that has no detectable effect on European. The alcohol sensitivity in Orientals is due to a delayed oxidation of aceta

Differently lasting effects of prenatal and postnatal chronic clozapine/haloperidol on activity and memory in mouse offspring

We evaluated the behavioral effects of chronic haloperidol (HAL) and clozapine (CLO) during gestation and CNS development, compared with transient treatments that stopped 1-3 weeks before the test. Results: 1) Chronic HAL (6 mg/l in drinking water) but no