A Note On The Numerical Simulations Of Flow Past A Wavy Square-Section Cylinder

The flow past a square-section cylinder with a geometric disturbance is investigated by numerical simulations. The extra terms, due to the introduction of mapping transformation simulating the effect of disturbance into the transformed Navier-Stokes equations, are correctly derived, and the incorrect ones in the previous literature are pointed out and analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between the vorticity, especially on the cylinder surface, and the disturbance is derived and explained theoretically. The computations are performed at two Reynolds numbers of 100 and 180 and three amplitudes of waviness of 0.006, 0.025 and 0.167 with another aim to explore the effects of different Reynolds numbers and disturbance on the vortex dynamics in the wake and forces on the body. Numerical results have shown that, at the mild waviness of 0.025, the Karman vortex shedding is suppressed completely for Re = 100, while the forced vortex dislocation is appeared in the near wake at the Reynolds number of 180. The drag reduction is up to 21.6% at Re = 100 and 25.7% at Re = 180 for the high waviness of 0.167 compared with the non-wavy cylinder. The lift and the Strouhal number varied with different Reynolds numbers and the wave steepness are also obtained.

双包层光纤放大器获得133W高平均功率脉冲激光输出

双包层光纤激光器是国际上新近发展的一种高功率激光器件，由于其具有光束质量好、效率高、易于散热和易于实现高功率等特点，发展十分迅速，已成为高精度激光加工、激光雷达系统等领域中相干光源的重要候选者，在军事和航天上也有着广泛的应用。

Frog skins keep redox homeostasis by antioxidant peptides with rapid radical scavenging ability

The question of how amphibians can protect themselves from reactive oxygen species when exposed to the sun in an oxygen-rich atmosphere is important and interesting, not only from an evolutionary viewpoint, but also as a primer for researchers interested in mammalian skin biology, in which such peptide systems for antioxidant defense are not well studied. The identification of an antioxidant peptide named antioxidin-RL from frog (Odorrana livida) skin in this report supports the idea that a peptide antioxidant system may be a widespread antioxidant strategy among amphibian skins. Its ability to eliminate most of the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical tested within 2 s, which is much faster than the commercial antioxidant factor butylated hydroxytoluene, suggests that it has a potentially large impact on redox homeostasis in amphibian skins. Cys10 is proven to be responsible for its rapid radical scavenging function and tyrosines take part in the binding of antioxidin-RL to radicals according to our nuclear magnetic resonance assay. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ex situ conservation status of an endangered Yangtze finless porpoise population (Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis) as measured from microsatellites and mtDNA diversity

The Yangtze finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis, is all endangered small cetacean that occurs only in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River of China. The establishment of a breeding population of the porpoise in Tian-e-Zhou Baiji National Natural Reserve represents the first attempt at ex situ conservation efforts for a cetacean species. With the goal of effective protection, management, and monitoring of this preserved population, we examined its genetic diversity using 930 bp of mtDNA control region sequences and 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. A very low level of genetic variation (h = 0.6010 +/- 0.0029 s.d.; pi = 0.0007 +/- 0.0000002 s.d.) in the mtDNA control region sequences and a moderate genetic diversity (Ho = 0.5740 +/- 0.2575 s.d.) in the microsatellites were detected in the population. It is necessary to introduce more individuals with representative genetic variations into the reserve ill order to foml a larger and healthier group structure for long-term survival of the population. Successful establishment of the Yangtze finless porpoise population in the Reserve also provides a useful model for an ex situ conservation programme for other rare and endangered species. (c) 2005 International Council for the Exploration ofthe Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Self-starting passively mode-locking all-solid-state laser with GaAs absorber grown at low temperature

We realize a stable self-starting passively mode-locking all-solid-state laser by using novel GaAs mirrors as the absorber and output coupler. The GaAs mirror is grown by the technology of metal organic chemical vapour deposition at low temperature. With such an absorber as the output coupler in the laser resonator, laser pulses with duration of 42ps were generated at a repetition rate of 400MHz, corresponding to the average power of 590mW.

虚拟家居设计系统的笔式交互应用研究

以虚拟家居设计系统为应用目标,以笔式交互在虚拟家居设计系统中的应用为主要研究内容,将基于笔交互的自由勾画技术和概念设计过程中的草图设计技术相结合,并利用已有的手势识别技术,系统研究了虚拟家居系统中笔式交互的交互任务、交互过程模型和交互技术,具体包括:建立了手势知识库,研究了虚拟家居系统中从草图绘制到三维漫游过程中的约束求解技术等,为笔式交互在家居设计系统中应用提供了参考原型。基于笔交互的虚拟家居设计展示系统已经投入应用,并取得较好的效果。

土壤有机物料碳矿化进程及活性碳库变化规律

摘 要 在2005.8～2006.8期间，用埋袋法研究了1年中玉米秸、稻秸、苜蓿、鸡粪、猪粪、玉米秸-鸡粪-猪粪、苜蓿-鸡粪-猪粪中有机碳的矿化分解残留率动态变化、C/N比值动态变化、土壤中溶解性有机碳含量动态变化、土壤中微生物量有机碳含量动态变化、土壤易氧化有机碳含量动态变化、土壤轻组有机碳含量动态变化、土壤颗粒有机碳含量动态变化。 结果表明，物料中有机碳矿化进程可区分为快、慢两个阶段，大C/N比值有机物料(玉米秸、稻秸)在试验初期的分解比低C/N比值有机物料的分解迅速，至试验结速其残留率也较多。C/N比值的下降速率也可区分为快、慢两个阶段，试验结束时各种有机物料残留物的C/N比趋于稳定；低C/N有机物料(苜蓿、鸡粪、猪粪、玉米秸-鸡粪-猪粪、苜蓿-鸡粪-猪粪)残留物的C/N比值接近土壤腐殖质C/N比，完成其腐殖化过程；高C/N有机物料(玉米秸、稻秸)残留物的C/N比值处于适宜微生物活动的25左右，利于增加土壤有机质、培肥土壤。 添加有机物料能显著增加DOC、土壤微生物量碳、土壤易氧化有机碳、土壤轻组有机碳、土壤颗粒有机碳的含量；有机物料分解过程中不同处理DOC的变化、土壤微生物量碳的变化、土壤易氧化有机碳的变化、土壤轻组有机碳的含量变化、土壤颗粒有机碳的变化均与有机物料的组成及C/N比值以及由此引起的有机物质不同的分解残留率有关。 因此，土壤有机质需要不断的更新，这就是我们所提倡的持续不断的秸秆还田的意义所在。

ACHT操作引起黑麦(Secale cereale)染色体的畸变和重建

用ACHT处理黑麦萌动种子，对修复前后材料的观察和分析结果表明：1. ACHT操作引起染色体数目变化和染色体断裂损失。在一定 条件和范围内，不同处理引起的这种变化具有显著差异，条件越剧烈，染色体数目变化的范围和频率愈大，断片发生的数量和频率 也愈高，同时修复前后染色体数目的变化范围和频率与断片发生的数量和频率以及它们的修复频率均表现明显的相关性。2. ACHT 操作引起染色体畸变的多样性。经ACHT处理后，胚根细胞染色体有4种断裂方式，包括着丝粒断裂、次溢痕断裂、长臂断裂和短臂 断裂等，其中着丝断裂频率最高；产生6种断片类型，包括有着丝粒和端粒的、有着丝粒而无端粒的、有部分着丝粒和端粒的、有 部分着丝粒而无端粒的、只有端粒的、既无着丝粒也无端粒的断片等。3. ACHT操作引起遗传结构重建的多样性。经ACHT处理后， 对修复24-72小时材料进行核型比较(按Stebbins 和 Levan 标准)和随体分析，处理细胞在染色体数目、大小、形态、位置等方面 均发生显著变化，说明ACHT处理使这些细胞的染色体结构和染色体组型发生了深刻变化。进一步通过Giemsa C— 带分析，观察到 多种重建染色体类型，包括易位型染色体、附加型染色体、无着丝粒染色体、化染色体、增加的m染色体以及某些带型特异的染色 体等。4. RAPD 分析从分子水平上验证了ACHT能有效地引起遗传结构的改变。所用10种引物对处理和对照材料基因组DNA的扩增产 物在条带数目、条带位置及带型特征等方面均有明显差异，其中4种引物出现条带减少，6种引物出现条带增加，后者还包括一个带 位移动。这说明两种材料的基因组DNA具有明显的RAPD反应多态性差异。This paper descripes some results draw on the basis of the observation and analysis on the rye before and after repaired through treating its budding seeds by ACHT in contrast to without ACHT: 1. ACHT manipulation caused the number variation and breakage damage of rye chromosome. Within certain conditions and timits, this phenomenon caused by different treats had signifcant difference: the more the treatment condition is drastie, the more the chageable range and frequence of rye chromosomae number, and so is the produced fragments. Meanwhile, there existed striking relationship among the changeable range and frequence of rye chromosome, the produced number and frequence of fragments and repairing frequence. 2. ACHT manipulafion engendered the diversify of rye chromosomal aberration. Four breakage patterns and six sorts of fragment were observed by watching the chromosome of the rye radicle treated by ACHT, including centric breakage (occuring in the highest frequence), secondary constriction breakage, long arm breakage and short arm breakage to the former, Comprising that with both centromere and telomere, that with centromere and without telomere, that with partial centromere and with telomere, that with partfial ceetromere and without telomere, that only with telomere and that neither with centromere nor with telomere, etc. 3. ACHT manipulation engendered the diversify or rye genetic structs reconstruction. Karureotype analysis(according to Stebbins and Levan) and satellite anaeysis were carried out to rye radicle through 24-72-hour-long recoverage after ACHT manipulation, which showed remarkable change happened on the rye chromosomal number、shape、arm ration and pattern, etc. and also on the satellite number、size、shape and location etc. Those indicated that ACHT manipulation engendered violent changes to rye chromatin structure and chromosome type. Further Giemsa C-banding analysis showed many types of reconstructed chromosome, such as translocation、addition、without centromere、st and other chromosome. 4. RAPD analysis checked the validity of ACHT on changing genetic structure of rye on the level of molecular biology. The treated and recovered rye has different amplifying band pattern by using IO valid arbitary primers selected from 40 comparing with the control.

350-450nm范围的氧离子激发光谱的实验测量

在2×1.7串列加速器上,利用装有CCD的Spectrapro-500i光谱单色仪的测量装置,采用束-箔方法,在2 MeV束能下研究350-450 nm波长范围的离化态氧原子光谱。本文报道在350-450 nm范围已确定的182条光谱线,这些谱线大都属于O II到O IV原子的n、1能级间的跃迁的弱谱线。实验结果与现有的一些理论一致。实验发现,有28条谱线在以前的文献中没有报道。

造林对陆地碳汇影响的研究进展

全球气候变化和土地利用变化影响着陆地碳源/汇的变化。造林作为一种土地利用变化,可以增加陆地碳汇,减缓大气中CO2的积累。文中首先对陆地碳汇及其形成原因进行综述,肯定了造林在陆地碳汇中的重要作用,然后阐述了造林对陆地碳汇的影响途径、造林后植被碳和土壤碳的变化及相互联系,并对全球造林活动对陆地碳汇贡献潜力作简要介绍,最后指出当前研究中的不足及今后的努力重点。造林是重要的临时陆地碳库,加强对造林碳汇的客观研究,对我国具有重要的政治意义和科学实践意义。

Tunable synthesis, growth mechanism, and magnetic properties of La0.5Ba0.5MnO3

La0.5Ba0.5MnO3 products with novel flowerlike, microcube, and nanocube structures were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal route by controlling the alkalinity of the reaction solutions. The synthesized products were systematically studied by X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the formation of the flowerlike structures with a layer assembly experienced a nucleation-aggregation-crystallization growth process, while the cubic structures experienced a nucleation-crystallization growth process due to the effect of different alkalinity in the reaction solutions. The higher alkalinity also led to a decrease in the size in the cubic structures. Suitable temperature and pressure were demonstrated to be crucial to the formation of the flowerlike structures by carrying out further control experiments. The measurement of the magnetic properties of three samples obtained at different alkaline conditions indicated that the size of the La0.5Ba0.5MnO3 products had an obvious influence on their properties; however, the dependence of the properties upon the morphology of the La0.5Ba0.5MnO3 products was minor.