Stress Wave Propagation in a Gradient Elastic Medium

The gradient elastic constitutive equation incorporating the second gradient of the strains is used to determine the monochromatic elastic plane wave propagation in a gradient infinite medium and thin rod. The equation of motion, together with the internal material length, has been derived. Various dispersion relations have been determined. We present explicit expressions for the relationship between various wave speeds, wavenumber and internal material length.

Plastic deformation in Ce-based bulk metallic glasses during depth-sensing indentation

The deformation behavior and the effect of the loading rate on the plastic deformation features in (numbers indicate at.%) Ce60Al15Cu10Ni15, Ce65Al10Cu10Ni10Nb5, Ce68Al10Cu20Nb2, and Ce70Al10Cu20 bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were investigated through nanoindentation. The load-displacement (P-h) curves of Ce65Al10Cu10Ni10Nb5, Ce68Al10Cu2, and Ce70Al10Cu20 BMGs exhibited a continuous plastic deformation at all studied loading rate. Whereas, the P-h curves of Ce60Al15Cu10Ni15 BMG showed a quite unique feature, i.e. homogeneous plastic deformation at low loading rates, and a distinct serrated flow at high strain rates. Moreover, a creep deformation during the load holding segment was observed for the four Ce-based BMGs at room temperature. The mechanism for the appearance of the "anomalous" plastic deformation behavior in the Ce-based BMGs was discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

宽频带激光自由空间传输的调制特性研究

基于惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式，研究了宽带光束在菲涅耳衍射区的自由空间传输特性，得到宽带光束传输的调制深度与光束带宽出及菲涅耳数F的变化关系。结果表明：一定的带宽对光束的均匀性有适当的改善；当光束的带宽△λ〈2λ。／F时，带宽越大，光束越均匀；当带宽满足条件△λ=2λ。／F时，菲涅耳衍射完全消失；在一定的菲涅耳数范围内，宽带光束的调制深度随菲涅耳数振荡变化，振荡曲线的主极大值和次极大值分别出现在菲涅耳数为奇数和偶数处，而极小值则出现在菲涅耳数F-2k± 1／3（k=1，2，3，…）处，在极小值处光束的均匀

LD侧面泵浦固体激光器泵浦光分布模拟

利用Gauss光束通过光学系统的变换规律,将激光二极管阵列发出的光作为Gauss光束处理.应用矩阵光学方法,解析分析与数值模拟相结合,给出了激光二极管阵列侧面泵浦棒状固体激光介质内泵浦光的强度分布.比较了侧面环绕激光二极管阵列数量不同时泵浦光分布的均匀性;以及考虑准直系统后,不同准直透镜焦距时,晶体内泵浦光半径的大小;同时针对泵浦光在晶体内聚焦时的情况进行了简单讨论.将半解析法与光线追迹法所得结果进行了比较,二者十分相近,但前者计算要简单得多.

固氮菌突变种DJ35钼铁蛋白和UW3细菌铁蛋白的纯化、特性、晶体生长及鉴定

一、棕色固氮菌突变种DJ35固氮酶钼铁蛋白的纯化、体外重组及结晶研究 　　棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii Lipmann)突变种DJ35的菌体破碎后，所得的未经加热的粗提物经DEAE Cellulose 52柱层析后得到部分纯的钼铁蛋白（ΔnifE Av1）和铁蛋白(Av2)。部分纯的ΔnifE Av1再经Sephacryl S-300和Q-Sepharose Fast Flow柱层析进一步纯化，便首次得到SDS凝胶电泳检测为基本纯的ΔnifE Av1。SDS-PAGE及Western blotting的结果表明，ΔnifE Av1具有与野生型棕色固氮菌钼铁蛋白(OP Av1)相同的亚基种类和组成（α2β2）。质子还原活性测定表明，在与Av2进行活性互补时ΔnifE Av1不具有明显的质子还原活性，而与从OP Av1抽提出的FeMoco抽提液保温后便可与Av2实现活性互补。这表明，ΔnifE Av1是一种缺失FeMoco的钼铁蛋白。 　　将ΔnifE Av1用过量的邻菲啰啉(o-phenanthroline)厌氧处理并经Sephadex G-25柱层析分离后，便得到部分丢失Fe的ΔnifE Av1©。在同时存在Av2和MgATP发生系统的条件下，ΔnifE Av1©, 而不是处理前的ΔnifE Av1，可为由KMnO4或Na2CrO4、高柠檬酸铁、Na2S、Na2S2O4 和二硫苏糖醇组成的含Mn或含Cr重组液(RS-Mn或RS-Cr)显著激活，但在缺少MgATP或Av2的条件下，RS-Mn和RS-Cr则不能激活ΔnifE Av1©。这就表明，RS-Mn和RS-Cr对ΔnifE Av1©的激活都需要邻菲啰啉的预处理及Av2和MgATP的同时存在。从分别缺失nifZ和nifB点突变的固氮菌突变种DJ194和UW45中纯化得到的钼铁蛋白，ΔnifZ Av1和NifB- Av1，经邻菲啰啉厌氧处理并经Sephadex G-25柱层析分离后，也分别得到部分丢失Fe的ΔnifZ Av1©和NifB- Av1©。与ΔnifE Av1©一样，这两种蛋白在Av2和MgATP同时存在时也可被RS-Cr和含Mo重组液（RS-Mo）明显激活。 　　为获得可供X-射线衍射的ΔnifE Av1的大单晶，对组成蛋白质沉淀剂的各种化合物的种类和浓度、缓冲液的pH值、结晶方法及蛋白样品的批次、浓度等结晶条件进行了大量优化研究。首次获得了ΔnifE Av1的深棕色短斜四棱柱晶体，并对其蛋白组成进行了鉴定。 二、铬铁蛋白中残存的棕色固氮菌细菌铁蛋白的晶体生长及鉴定 　　从无钼、无氨而含铬的固氮培养基中生长的棕色固氮菌突变种UW3中纯化得到了部分纯的CrFe蛋白。在试图培养CrFe蛋白大晶体时发现，棕色晶体和砖红色晶体可同时或单独出现。SDS-和厌氧天然-PAGE皆表明，棕色晶体主要由与Av1类似大小的亚基（~60 kD）组成，而砖红色晶体则主要由~20 kD亚基组成。Western-blotting表明只有~60 kD亚基可与OP Av1的抗体发生反应，而~20 kD亚基则无这种反应。在部分纯的CrFe蛋白中，~20 kD的蛋白含量远低于~60 kD蛋白的含量，表明由这种小亚基组成的蛋白只是CrFe蛋白中的一种污染蛋白。用3,5-二氨基苯甲酸染色的天然电泳表明，形成砖红色和棕色晶体的蛋白是迁移率不同的两种含铁蛋白。质谱分析表明，该晶体蛋白为棕色固氮菌的细菌铁蛋白（AvBF）。分辨率为2.34 Å的X-射线衍射结果也表明，砖红色晶体属于H3空间群，晶胞参数为a = 124.965 Å, b= 124.965 Å 和 c = 287.406 Å。首次完成的结构解析也表明，这种砖红色晶体确为24聚体的AvBF。 关键词：棕色固氮菌突变种DJ35和UW3; ΔnifE Av1; 铬铁蛋白; 细菌铁蛋白; 纯化和特性; 体外激活组装; 晶体生长及组成鉴定

蕨类植物铁芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma）体内稀土元素的分布及其光合特性的研究

为了阐明蕨类植物铁芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh.)体内稀土元素的分布及其光合特性，采用电感耦合等离子质谱分析了中国江西省龙南县轻、重稀土矿区和非矿区铁芒萁植物体内的稀土元素含量，并采用透射电子显微镜对其叶片细胞内的稀土元素进行精确定位。还比较系统的研究了自然条件下的铁芒萁与高浓度稀土元素处理条件下的非稀土元素富集植物黄瓜(Cucumis sativus Linn)的光合特性。结果表明： 1、0.5 mmol•L-1 LaCl3处理黄瓜后，可以诱导激发能向PS II分配。1和2 mmol•L-1 LaCl3处理黄瓜后，对黄瓜幼苗抑制作用表现在对其生长率，光合放氧活性和叶绿体完整率的抑制。这是由于LaCl3对黄瓜细胞结构和叶绿体膜结构的破坏所致。其表现为对类囊体膜结构的破坏，而导致PS II光合活性下降，并最终抑制黄瓜生长。 2、铁芒萁可以富集稀土元素，轻、重稀土矿区铁芒萁植物稀土元素的分布规律为叶片>根>土壤>茎>叶柄，非矿区铁芒萁植物稀土元素的分布规律为叶片>根>茎>叶柄。稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的运输和迁移过程中，发生了明显的分异作用，茎、叶柄、叶片中的重稀土相对贫乏，叶片中可以富集高浓度的轻稀土元素。 3、稀土元素可以进入完整的铁芒萁表皮细胞和叶肉细胞中，但多以沉淀的形式聚集在一起。非矿区铁芒萁叶绿体中的稀土元素含量约占其叶片中含量的5％。轻稀土矿区铁芒萁叶绿体中的稀土元素含量约占其叶片中含量的10％。部分稀土元素定位于富含PS II的基粒片层上。 4、铁芒萁富集稀土元素受环境和遗传特性的双重影响，但主要由其自身的生理、生化特性决定。其富集稀土元素的机制是隔离稀土元素在细胞壁、液泡中和分泌结合物质使稀土元素成为沉淀沉积下来，从而避免对光合活性的破坏。 5、与非矿区铁芒萁相比，轻稀土矿区植物叶绿体膜的全链电子传递速率增加了34.9％，PS II的电子传递活性增高了252.9％，PS I的电子传递活性增加了16.8％。轻稀土矿区铁芒萁全链电子传递活性的增加主要来自PS II电子传递活性的大幅提高，这可能与其调节激发能更多向PS II分配，提高PS II反应中心色素蛋白复合体（67.0％）和捕光色素蛋白复合体的含量相关。 6、与非矿区铁芒萁相比，重稀土矿区植物叶绿体膜的全链电子传递速率增加了46.3％，PS II的电子传递活性增高了23.8％，PS I的电子传递活性增加了60.4％。重稀土矿区铁芒萁电子传递活性的提高主要来自PS I电子传递活性的大量增加，这可能与其PS I反应中心蛋白复合体含量的提高（60.0％）有关。 铁芒萁富集并吸收稀土元素主要是由自身的理化特性决定的。它能够将稀土元素以沉淀的形式固定在细胞内部，并通过改变生理代谢来避免高浓度稀土元素对其光合作用的影响。可以在治理稀土元素污染的环保工程中用作植物修复材料。

Isolation and cloning of a metalloproteinase from king cobra snake venom

A 50 kDa fibrinogenolytic protease, ohagin, from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah was isolated by a combination of gel filtration, ion-exchange and heparin affinity chromatography. Ohagin specifically degraded the alpha-chain of human fibrinogen and the pr

Absence of association between SNPs in the promoter region of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene and longevity in the Han Chinese population

Previous studies have indicated that genetic variations in the factors of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway could influence human life-span by affecting IGF-1 levels. The promoter region of the IGF-1 gene is an obvious candida

Site-directed PEGylation of trichosanthin retained its anti-HIV activity with reduced potency in vitro

Trichosanthin (TCS) was the first ribosome inactivating protein found to possess anti-HIV-1 activity. Phase I/II clinical trial of this compound had been done. Antigenicity and short plasma half-life were the major side effects preventing further clinical trial. Modification of TCS is therefore necessary to revive the interest to develop this compound as an anti-HIV agent. Three potential antigenic sites (Ser-7, Lys-173, and Gln-219) were identified by computer modeling. Through site-directed mutagenesis, these three antigenic amino acids were mutated to a cysteine residue resulting in 3 TCS mutants, namely S7C, K173C, and Q219C. These mutants were further coupled to polyethylene glycol with a molecular size of 20 kDa (PEG) via the cysteine residue. This produced another three TCS derivatives, namely PEG(20)k-S7C, PEG(20)k-K173C, and PEG(20)k-Q219C. PEGylation had been widely used recently to decrease immunogenicity by masking the antigenic sites and prolong plasma half-life by expanding the molecular size. The in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of these mutants and derivatives was tested. Results showed that the anti-HIV-1 activity of S7C, K173C, and Q219C was decreased by about 1.5- to 5.5-fold with slightly lower cytotoxicity. On the other hand, PEGylation produced larger decrease (20- to 30-fold) in anti-HIV activity. Cytotoxicity was, however, weakened only slightly by about 3-fold. The in vitro study showed that the anti-HIV activity of PEGylated TCS was retained with reduced potency. The in vivo activity is expected to have only slightly changed due to other beneficial effects like prolonged half-life. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Stable RNA hairpins in 88 coding regions of human mRNA

RNA hairpins containing UNCG, GNRA, CUUG (N = A, U, C or G, R = G or A) loops are unusually thermodynamic stable and conserved structures. The structural features of these hairpin loops are very special, and they play very important roles in vivo. They are prevalent in rRNA, catalytic RNA and non-coding mRNA. However, the 5' C(UUCG)G 3' hairpin is not found in the folding structure of 88 human mRNA coding regions. It is also different from rRNA in that there is no preference for certain sequences among tetraloops in these 88 mRNA folding structures.

湖北食管癌HLA-DQB1的基因多态性

目的从基因水平探讨湖北地区汉族人食管癌 HEN-DQB1等位基因的遗传易感性.方法运用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术,检测无亲缘关系湖北汉族健康人136例、食管癌组42例患者的 HLA-DQB1等位基因.SAS system 统计软件数据处理.结果湖北汉族人食管癌患者与正常人比较,HEN-DQB1*0301基因频率显著增高(0.2976 vs 0.1875),P=0.046,OR=1.835,病因分数=0.1354);两组间 HLA-DQB1其余各等位基因分布频率的比较,HLA-DQB1*0201(0.0

Bibliometric analysis of nicotine research in China during the period of 1991 to 2007

With the widespread exposure of people to nicotine through recreational use of tobacco products, research into nicotine has attracted increasing attention. Tobacco smoking is by far the most important cause of lung cancer. As the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease; therefore, information on nicotine publications should be collected to formulate future research policy. In the present study, we investigated nicotine-related research articles published by Chinese authors that were indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 1991 to 2007. An indicator "citations per publication" (CPP) was used in the study to evaluate the impact of journals, articles, and institutes. The quantity of publications has increased at a quicker pace than the worldwide trend. Article visibility, measured as the frequency of being cited, also increased during the period. However, the overall quality of articles, based on the impact factor of journals publishing those articles, dropped behind the worldwide average level. There has been an increase in international collaboration, mainly with researchers in the USA. The average CPP of international co-authorship articles was higher than that of single country publications. Besides the USA, nicotine research in China will benefit from more collaboration with Taiwan, England, and Germany. Some 110 of 264 articles were published by a single institute, and the top six institutes were compared from various angles. Seventy-two subject categories were covered, and trends (in terms of both quantity and quality) of nicotine research in China were compared with worldwide trends. In addition, analysis of keywords in both nicotine and lung cancer research fields was applied to indicate research interests. Mutual cooperation among multiple disciplines needs further strengthening.