隋唐时期东中部地区温度变化的重建(601～920年)

根据史料对隋唐时期初终霜雪、春耕、山桃开花、秋收、海冰、柑橘种植北界等现象的记载,重建了公元601～920年的东中部地区温度变化.结果发现:隋唐时期,东中部地区的气候在总体上比较温暖,与1961～2000年相比,601～920年的冬半年平均温度高约0.22℃;其中,601～820年的冬半年平均气温比现在(1961～2000年,下同)高约0.52℃,821～920年时比现在低0.42℃左右;隋唐时期的冬半年温度存在显著波动,其在100,50,30和20年尺度上的最大变幅分别达到1.05,1.38,2.02和

Reconstructing temperature change in Central East China during 601-920 AD

Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-YW-Q1-01, KZCX2-YW-315]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40625002]

Experimental Studies of the Material Properties of the Forewing of Cicada (Homoptera, Cicadidae)

Detailed investigations on the structural and mechanical properties of the forewing of the cicada were carried out. Measurement of the structures of the wings showed that the thickness of the membrane of each cell and the diameter of each vein were non-uniform in both the longitudinal and transverse directions, and their means were approximately 12.2 and 133.3 mum, respectively. However, the aspect ratios of the wings and the bodies were quite uniform and were approximately equal to 2.98 and 2.13, respectively. Based on the measured thickness, mass and area of the membranes of the cells, the mean density and the mean area density of the wing were approximately 2.3 g cm(-3) and 2.8 x 10(-3) g cm(-2), respectively. In addition, the diameters of the veins of the wings, including the diameters of the holes in the vein of the leading edge, were examined. The mechanical properties of the wing were investigated separately by nanoindentation and tensile testing. The results indicated that the mean Young's modulus, hardness and yield stress of the membranes of the wings were approximately 3.7 Gpa, 0.2 Gpa and 29 Mpa, respectively, and the mean Young's modulus and strength of the veins along the direction of the venation of wings were approximately 1.9 Gpa and 52 Mpa, respectively. Finally, the relevant results were briefly analyzed and discussed, providing a guideline to the biomimetic design of the aerofoil materials of micro air vehicles.

Self-assembled quasi-periodic voids in glass induced by a tightly focused femtosecond laser

Multiple refocusing of a tightly focused femtosecond laser due to the dynamic transformation between self-focusing and self-defocusing is employed to provide a novel method to produce quasi-periodic voids in glass. It is found that the diameter or the interval of the periodic voids increases with the increasing pulse energy of the laser. The detailed course for producing periodic voids is discussed by analysing the damaged track induced by the tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses. It is suggested that this periodic structure has potential applications in fabrication of three-dimensional optical devices.

纳米ZnO粉末中随机激光现象

实验采用三倍频Nd：YAG（波长355nm，脉宽8ns，频率30Hz）脉冲激光器作为抽运光源，在ZnO纳米粉末（直径～100nm）中发现了类似激光现象．并用环形腔理论模拟了ZnO的颗粒密度对平均自由程的影响，从理论上证明在纳秒级激光器的抽运下，ZnO纳米粉末也可以发射激光．

Enhanced broadband near-infrared luminescence in transparent silicate glass ceramics containing Yb3+ ions and Ni2+-doped Li Ga5 O8 nanocrystals

Spectral properties of Yb3+/Ni2+ codoped transparent silicate glass ceramics containing LiGa5O8 nanocrystals were investigated. The near-infrared emission intensity of Ni2+ was largely increased with Yb3+ codoping due to Yb3+-> Ni2+ energy transfer. The qualitative calculation of the energy transfer constant Cs-a and rate Ps-a showed that the Yb3+-> Ni2+ energy transfer was much greater than in the opposite direction. Yb3+/Ni2+ codoped glass ceramics with 0.75 mol % Yb2O3 exhibited a near-infrared emission with full width at half maximum of 290 nm and fluorescent lifetime of 920 mu s. The glass ceramics are promising for broadband optical amplification.

西藏米拉卡黑白仰鼻猴的栖息地变化

黑白仰鼻猴(Rhinopithecus bietz)分布在我国金沙汀和澜沧江之间的横断山脉的一个狭小区域内(26°14'N-29°20'N,99°15'E-99°37'E),海拔分布范围2600(南部)-4200m(北部);目前大约有15群,约1700只.本文所研究的西藏米拉卡猴群分布在我国西藏藏族自治区芒康县的南部,数量约50只.基于野外调查和过去的报道,此地的暗针叶林和针阔叶混交林是猴群的适宜栖息地,而由于人口数量增加所导致的夏季牧场和农田面积不断扩增正在逐渐侵蚀着这里的暗针叶林.为了评估该猴群的柄息地现状、变化趋势和变化原因,我们通过野外调查工作,利用GIS和RS技术,分别解译了当地过去5年(1986-2006年)冬季的Landsat TM卫星影像,并对解译结果进行了分析和计算,得到了该猴群栖息地的主要结果有:1)2006年暗针叶林面积是13600hm2,夏季牧场面积是4900hm2,农田面积是3300hm2;2)在过去20年(1986-2006年),暗针叶林面积减少了15.5%(2500hm2),牧场面积增加了58.1%(1 800hm2),农田面积增加了17.8%(500hm2);3)暗针叶林的斑块数量增加了75.6%,平均斑块面积下降了51.8%(从1986年的15.3hm2到2006年的7.4hm2),最大斑块指数下降了54.7%;景观丰富度并没有变化,但Shannon多样性指数和Shannon均匀度指数分别增加了4.0%;4)暗针叶林面积变化与当地的人口数量呈显著负相关(r=-1.000),而夏季牧场和农田面积分别和当地人口呈显著正相关(r=1.000).表明黑白仰鼻猴米拉卡猴群栖息地的丧失和破碎化程度较为严重;栖息地丧失和破碎化是当地传统生产方式和人口增长共同作用的结果.

莫氏肾形虫武汉种群的形态学及表膜下纤毛系研究

中国科学院知识创新项目(KSCX2-2-06)资助

三峡库区柏木林降雨的再分配及养分循环研究

以三峡库区柏木林为对象，定量研究了雨季（７月）林分中降雨的再分配及Ｎ、Ｐ两种养分元素的循环过程。研究结果表明：１）穿透雨量占总降雨量的７９．７０％，树干茎流占总降雨量的１．１７％，树冠截留量占总降雨量的１９．１３％，地表径流系数平均为１９８％；２）由于淋溶作用，实际进入林地的穿透雨和树干茎流中总Ｎ和总Ｐ的含量均升高了较大的幅度。降雨时总Ｎ和总Ｐ含量的相对平衡值分别为０４６１ ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０７５ ｍｇ／Ｌ，淋溶系数为１．８６和２．９４，迁移系数为０．５７和０．２９；３）柏木林生态系统中，Ｎ的总贮量为３６．

地统计学分析方法在水生态系统研究中的应用

简要介绍了地统计学分析方法的发展和在生态学中的应用情况，提出了将这种方法应用于水生态系统空间格局分析的可能性，然后用梅子垭水库水体藻类叶绿素a含量为例对其浓度场的水平2维空间格局进行了分析，并以此确定了叶绿素a在整个空间和不同方位上空间格局的变化情况。

长江三峡地区干流河岸植物群落的初步研究

以长江三峡干流河岸植物群落为研究对象，对群落的物种组成、物种多样性进行了分析，并利用TWINSPAN方法对植物群落进行等级式划分。结果表明：河岸植物区系组成较为复杂，以温带成分为主，有着较高比率的世界分布成分。植物生活习性方面，草本种类的比率略高于木本种类，藤本种类较少。灌、草丛群落之间的物种多样性差异不显著。TWINSPAN和DCA分析显示，河岸植物群落可分为6大类群，这些类群呈现沿湿度梯度方向的分布格局。

梅子垭水库生态因子场的地统计学分析

应用地统计学方法，对梅子垭水库的典型理化因子的生态因子场的水平的2维空间格局进行了分析。通过空间相关性的分析，确定了生态因子场的整个空间和不同方位上的空间格局的变化情况。