A Novel Inverse Method For Determining The Refractive Indices Of Medium And Dispersed Particles Simultaneously By Turbidity Measurement

The refractive indices of particles and dispersion medium are important parameters in many colloidal experiments using optical techniques, such as turbidity and light scattering measurements. These data are in general wavelength-dependent and may not be available at some wavelengths fitting to the experimental requirement. in this Study we present a novel approach to inversely determine the refractive indices of particles and dispersion medium by examining the consistency of measured extinction cross sections of particles with their theoretical values using a series of trial values of the refractive indices. The colloidal suspension of polystyrene particles dispersed in water was used as an example to demonstrate how this approach works and the data obtained via such a method are compared with those reported in literature, showing a good agreement between both. Furthermore, the factors that affect the accuracy of measurements are discussed. We also present some data of the refractive indices of polystyrene over a range of wavelengths smaller than 400 nm that have been not reported in the available literature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Head-On Colliding Process Of Binary Liquid Droplets At Low Velocity: High-Speed Photography Experiments And Modeling

The experimental and theoretical studies are reported in this paper for the head-on collisions of a liquid droplet with another of the same fluid resting on a solid substrate. The droplet on the hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate remains in a shape of an approximately spherical segment and is isometric to an incoming droplet. The colliding process of the binary droplets was recorded with high-speed photography. Head-on collisions saw four different types of response in our experiments: complete rebound, coalescence, partial rebound With conglutination, and coalescence accompanied by conglutination. For a complete rebound, both droplets exhibited remarkable elasticity and the contact time of the two colliding droplets was found to be in the range of 10-20 ms. With both droplets approximately considered as elastic bodies, Hertz contact theory was introduced to estimate the contact time for the complete rebound case. The estimated result Was found to be on the same order of magnitude as the experimental data, which indicates that the present model is reasonable. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Characterization Of Crystal Structure In Binary Mixtures Of Latex Globules

Colloidal crystals formed by two types of polystyrene particles of different sizes (94 and 141 nm) at various number ratios (94:141 nm) are studied. Experiments showed that the formation time of crystals lengthens as the number ratio of the two components approaches 1:1. The dependence of the mean interparticle distance (D-0), crystal structure and alloy structure on the number ratio of the two types of particles was Studied by means of Kossel diffraction technique and reflection spectra. The results showed that as the number ratio decreased, the mean interparticle distance (D-0) became larger. And the colloidal crystal in binary mixtures is more preferably to form the bcc structure. This study found that binary systems form the substitutional solid solution (sss)-type alloy structure in all cases except when the number ratio of two types of particles is 5:1, which results instead in the superlattice structure. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reconstructing The Vertical Distribution Of The Aeolian Saltation Mass Flux Based On The Probability Distribution Of Lift-Off Velocity

The probability distribution of lift-off velocity of the saltating grains is a bridge to linking microscopic and macroscopic research of aeolian sand transport. The lift-off parameters of saltating grains (i.e., the horizontal and vertical lift-off velocities, resultant lift-off velocity, and lift-off angle) in a wind tunnel are measured by using a Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA). The experimental results show that the probability distribution of horizontal lift-off velocity of saltating particles on a bed surface is a normal function, and that of vertical lift-off velocity is an exponential function. The probability distribution of resultant lift-off velocity of saltating grains can be expressed as a log-normal function, and that of lift-off angle complies with an exponential function. A numerical model for the vertical distribution of aeolian mass flux based on the probability distribution of lift-off velocity is established. The simulation gives a sand mass flux distribution which is consistent with the field data of Namikas (Namikas, S.L., 2003. Field measurement and numerical modelling of acolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach, Sedimentology 50, 303-326). Therefore, these findings are helpful to further understand the probability characteristics of lift-off grains in aeolian sand transport. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

不对称射流——另一种新的煤粉火焰稳定燃烧的空气动力学原理

本文提出了利用不对称射流稳定和强化燃烧低质煤粉和水煤浆的空气动力学原理。根据这个原理,研制了一种一次风偏置并且稍有倾斜的新型预燃室。在预燃室的上半部不对称射流产生一个大的回流区。煤粉颗粒和水煤浆能够被直接送入该回流区中。特定的三维空气动力场和煤粉浓度的分布对点火、稳燃和消除灰渣是十分有利的。这类偏置射流预燃室已被证明能够燃烧挥发分10％,灰分30％的低质煤粉和挥发分10％,水分30％的难燃水煤浆。在燃烧过程中预燃室内不积灰不结渣。目前它已被成功地用于工业锅炉和电站锅炉的点火启动和低负荷(50％)稳燃、并且收到了大幅度节油的效果。

高雷诺数下平面Poiseuille流稳定性渐近分析

本文主要讨论高雷诺数下平面Poiseuille流稳定性问题.应用多层结构分析理论,求出了描述该流体稳定性的Orr-Sommerfeld方程特征值的较为合理的逼近式及相应的特征函数的渐近解析解.

烧蚀产物对空气辐射影响的实验研究

本文利用低密度激波管和辐射计,在不同的温度和密度状态下,就杂质辐射在分谱和累积辐射条件下对高温空气平衡辐射的影响进行的实验研究;给出了在不同条件下的实验结果,并做了简单分析。实验结果表明:少量杂质对高温空气平衡辐射的影响较大,这为计算尾流辐射场时,考虑杂质辐射的影响提供了实验依据。

空阴极放电中Ar光电流谱的研究

在十种染料的波长范围内对空阴极放电中Ar的光电流谱、光电流信号与时间、放电电流及入射激光功率关系进行了实验观测,比较了Ne与Ar光电流效应的异同,在其共同点的基础上讨论了Ne与Ar光电流效应的机理,提出了理论模型并求得了放电电流与入射激光功率密度的关系。

有序熔楔和转捩

本文研究烧蚀表面上的一种尖楔状沟槽,简称熔楔。实验表明,熔楔是边界层转捩区的一种烧蚀现象;在蜂蜡和一些高温材料的球头上,熔楔排列有序,形成规则图象。在所实验的参数范围内,熔楔的条数保持在20条左右,不随来流马赫数、球头半径和烧蚀材料类型不同而改变。在分析研究熔楔内部结构和外流条件的基础上,本文提出熔楔形成机理和内外流动模型的设想,并对熔楔的形态、分布以及由它引导出菱形花纹等现象作了解释。

Is there chaotic synchronization in space extend systems

Based on coupled map lattice (CML), the chaotic synchronous pattern in space extend systems is discussed. Making use of the criterion for the existence and the conditions of stability, we find an important difference between chaotic and nonchaotic movements in synchronization. A few numerical results are presented.

Free surface vibration in oscillatory convection of half floating zone

Projecting an orthographical grating mask (20pl/mm) on the surface of a small liquid bridge and receiving the reflected distortion image, one can calculate out reversely the shape of free surface of a liquid bridge. In this way we measured the surface shape of a small floating zone and the two-dimensional deformation of its vibration. The mechanism of thermocapillary oscillatory convection and the three-dimensional variation of the free surface are revealed experimentally. The principle for space experiment has been studied in our laboratory.

电液伺服材料试验机的动力学响应特性研究

对MTS810电液伺服材料试验机在位移控制和载荷控制两种控制方式下的动力学响应特性进行了研究。以岩石压缩测试数据为例,对载荷-时间曲线、位移-时间曲线进行了对比分析,发现岩石破坏过程中,位移控制方式下可以观察到岩石的局部损伤至破坏的演化过程,载荷在岩石破坏时刻突然降为0;而载荷控制方式下看不到损伤演化过程,载荷未突然降为0。说明试验机本身的结构响应会影响对试样力学性能的测试。

折线裂纹和两相材料界面的相互作用

利用螺位错基本解建立了和界面相交的折线裂纹的Cauchy型积分方程．根据奇异积分方程理论，得出了确定折线裂纹和界面交点处的奇性应力指数的特征方程，以及交点处各角形域内的奇性应力．利用所得的交点处的奇性应力定义了折线裂纹和界面交点处的应力强度因子．对所得积分方程进行数值求解，可得裂纹端点以及裂纹和界面交点处的应力强度因子．

YAG激光毛化技术进展

二十世纪八十年代，当比利时冶金研究中心(CRM)开发出CO_2激光毛化冷轧辊技术后，尝试用YAG激光进行轧辊毛化一直吸引着众多的研究者，这是因为YAG(1.06μm)激光波长比CO_2(10.6μm)激光波长短一个量级，材料对YAG激光有更高的吸收率，并用YAG激光可以聚焦到更小的光斑尺寸，同时使用电信号驱动的声光开关技术便于对毛化分布进行可设定控制。但是用传统声光调制的YAG激光虽然可以碇以很高的脉冲频率(>30kHz)，但单脉冲有量仅为10mJ左右，难以达到辊面毛化粗糙度的要求，因此人们认为YAG激光用于毛化的主要困难是脉冲能量太小。