277 resultados para 16S-rDNA


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A molecular phylogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae (including 9 individuals, representing 5 species and 4 genera), based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene. Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed. On the basis of rate constancy, the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years. The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily. Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades, and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily, diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago. It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe. The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.

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通过生态学与分子生物学相结合的方法,对胶州湾超微型浮游真细菌从16s rDNA的角度分析其多样性,建立了一系列行之有效的方法,对于今后开展特定的超微型生物的研究提供他有益的借鉴。主要结果如下:1.建立了行之有效的从极稀密度的海水中提取浮游细菌总基因组DNA的方法,其得率约为0.3~0.5 μg/L海水,并且提供了DNA浓缩、纯化的一系列步骤,最后所制得的DNA其纯度和含量足以开展后续工作。2.建立了可靠的具有较高转化效率的感受态细胞,并从多个途径来制备,并对各种方法的成败及注意事项进行了探讨。3.对PCR反应的条件进行了深入的探讨,成功在从混合型基因组中扩增出细菌特异性引物(Universal 1406R和Eubacterial 68F)所对应的16s rDNA。并且对PCR的几个控制因子进行了分析,对于今后采用不同引物的高效扩增将提供有益的帮助。4.深入地对TA克隆效率进行了探讨,较好地将PCR混合产物分离开,并成功地导入大肠杆菌DH5α菌株,并对重组质粒进行了初步的RFLP分析,为今后通过序列测定构建系统进化树奠定了基础。5.RFLP分析表明胶州湾海水中至少含有7种亲缘关系较远的真细菌。

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Based on the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA partial sequences (473 bp) of 9 species of Pamphagidae (Acridoidea, Orthoptera) from China and of 4 species of Pamphagidae and 2 species of Pyrgomorphidae and Acrididae (as outgroups) retrieved from GenBank, we constructed the molecular phylogeny using the Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Minimum Evolution ( ME) methods based on the nucleotide Kimura 2-parameter model. The results of our study shown that: 1) the ranges of the 16S rDNA nucleotide divergence between two species of a genus were 0.21%, among genera of a subfamily were 0.42-3.38%, and among subfamilies of Pamphagidae were 1.90-8.88%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree shows that: 1) all Pamphagidae taxa form a monophyletic clade, and are well separated from the outgroup; 2) the African taxa Porthetinae (Lobosceliana brevicornis) and Akicerinae (Batrachotetrix sp.) are distinctly separated from the Chinese taxa Prionotropisinae; 3) Haplotropis bruneriana and Glauia terrea of Pamphaginae are nested in the middle of the tree, but their phylogenetic status is uncertain in this study; 4) 8 genera of Asiotmethis, Beybienkia, Mongolotmethis, Sinotmethis, Rhinotmethis, Filchnerella, Eotmethis and Pseudotmethis from China are all grouped into the subfamily Prionotropisinae, but their phylogenetic relationships are not clearly resolved.

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We sequenced partial mitochondrial 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) of 18 firefly species from Southwest of China. Combined with homologous sequences previously reported, phylogenetic trees including Japanese, Korean and Chinese species were reconstructed by

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To clarify cuttlefish phylogeny, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and partial 16S rRNA gene are sequenced for 13 cephalopod species. Phylogenetic trees are constructed, with the neighbor-joining method. Coleoids are divided into two main lineages, Decabrachia and Octobrachia. The monophyly of the order Sepioidea, which includes the families Sepiidae, Sepiolidae and Idiosepiidae, is not supported. From the two families of Sepioidea examined, the Sepiolidae are polyphyletic and are excluded from the order. On the basis of 16S rRNA and amino acid of COI gene sequences data, the two genera (Sepiella and Sepia) from the Sepiidae can be distinguished, but do not have a visible boundary using COI gene sequences. The reason is explained. This suggests that the 16S rDNA of cephalopods is a precious tool to analyze taxonomic relationships at the genus level, and COI gene is fitter at a higher taxonomic level (i.e., family).

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Based on the 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae (as outgroups), the homologus sequences were compared and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by neighbor-joining (NJ). The results of sequences compared show that: (i) in a total of 574 bp of Oedipodidae, the number of substituted nucleotides was 265 bp and the average percentages of T, C, A and G were 38.3%, 11.4%, 31.8% and 18.5%, respectively, and the content of A+T (70.1%) was distinctly richer than that of C+G (29.9%); and (ii) the average nucleotide divergence of 16S rDNA sequences among genera of Oedipodidae were 9.0%, among families of Acridoidea were 17.0%, and between superfamilies (Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea) were 23.9%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated: (i) the Oedipodidae was a monophyletic group, which suggested that the taxonomic status of this family was confirmed; (ii) the genus Heteropternis separated from the other Oedipodids first and had another unique sound-producing structure in morphology, which is the type-genus of subfamily Heteropterninae; and (iii) the relative intergeneric relationship within the same continent was closer than that of different continents, and between the Eurasian genera and the African genera, was closer than that between Eurasians and Americans.

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生物多样性科学(BiodiversityScience)的国际规划提出生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响是整个研究计划五大核心的核心.生物多样性包括遗传、物种和生态系统三个水平,其中遗传多样性是其它两个水平多样性的基础和最终来源.该文在实验室多年研究毛乌素沙地柠条遗传多样性的基础上,分别从表型(生理生化)、蛋白质、同工酶以及遗传型(rDNA)水平探讨中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌的遗传多样性,并模拟沙地生境,建立人工共生体系,以期发现最有效的共生伙伴关系,这不仅有得提高毛乌素地区农牧业产量,更重要的是在当今沙尘暴肆虐的情况下,发挥柠条防风固沙的能力具有现实意义. 1.毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌遗传多样性(1)全细胞可溶性蛋白质谱将供试中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌菌株分为两大类群,其中硬梁覆沙地菌株GH72不同于来自沙丘顶部和底部的菌株,而且中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌独立于参比菌株。酯酶同工酶谱分析表明,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌与参比菌株仅存在一个等位酶位点差异,其余等位点与参菌株共享,因此,酯酶同工酶反映出中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌的异质性。(2)16SrDNA部分序列与16S-23S rDNA IGS结果表明,所有供试菌株扩增产物均较前人报道的分子量偏高。经16S rDNA PCR-RFLP分析,中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌共形成12种基因型,表现出丰富的遗传多样性,其中属于基因型2的菌株占42.4%。代表菌株GH33 16S rDNA全序列结果显示,与已知的快生型根瘤菌同源性在95%以上。(3)中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌生理生化反应特性B.T.B实验证明所有中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌均产酸,符合快生型根瘤菌的特征.唯一碳源测试显示,95%中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌不利用淀粉,33%菌株不利用乳糖,对其他测试碳源不具有选择性。检洲在不同盐离子浓度、不同酸性梯度以及不同温度条件下菌株生长状况,发现毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿根瘤菌具极强的耐盐性.53.8%的菌株可以在9%NaCl的YMA培养基生长.75%的菌株在pH4.O和pHl0,0 环境中仍能生长,66.7%菌株在60℃处理1 0min后仍具有生活力。体现出对于干旱沙地的适应。 2.不同实验共生系统中植物和根瘤菌对生态系统功能的影响14株根瘤菌分与三个柠条种(小叶锦鸡儿,中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿)回接,用土壤上覆沙模拟毛乌索沙地景观生态条件,以多石砾贫瘠土壤为对照,比较不同基因型柠条与根瘤菌人工共生体的长和结瘤与生境的关系,初步证明根瘤菌很可能是该生态系统的关键种。寄主植物与共生根瘤菌的遗传多样性对生态系统功能的影响与生态环境有关。实验还表明,选择适当的共生组合对于防治沙漠化有很大潜力。3.银染变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测RAPD遗传模式以85株小钻杨F2代为材料,用本实验室改良的银染变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法检测RAPD遗传模式。结果表明,仅用9个引物共扩增到399个位点,其中98个位点表现为多态性,卡方测验显示,79个多态位点符合经典的孟德尔遗传(3:1),占多态位点80.6%。这种改良的检测RAPD标记的方法必将推动RAPD标汜构建连锁图谱的进程。

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第一部分:生物安全信息的建设 生物安全( biosafety)是指经过遗传修饰的生物释放到自然界以后对人类健康和生态环境的影响。随着生物技术的发展,转基因生物的大量涌现,其安全性问题越来越引起人们的关注。本文主要介绍了作者在生物安全信息建设的一些工作,建立了生物安全主页和生物安全文献数据库。对主页和数据库的结构和主要内容进行了详细介绍,生物安全主页介绍了全球转基因生物的发展情况,由此带来的一些潜在风险,国内外对生物安全管理的法规和管理机制,以及对风险评估的技术准则和风险的评价指标体系。生物安全文献数据库收录了600多篇有关的文献。 第二部分:转基因棉花根际土壤微生物分子生态学初探 应用分子生物学方法对转基因棉花和对照非转基因棉花根际土壤微生物的多样性进行了一个生长季的跟踪研究,直接从土壤中提取微生物的总DNA,用PCR方法扩增出原核生物核糖体小亚基16S基因和真核生物ITS片段,并对它们进行了克隆和序列测定,共获得80条16S基因全序列和50条ITS段序列,经过分析它们分别属于7个大类的原核微生物和5个大类的真核生物共计33个属。其中,有44个克隆是传统方法所不能分析的不能被培养的微生物种类。应用邻近法分别绘制了系统关系树状图。 这是首次应用全序列分析的方法研究棉花根际土壤微生物的种类组成。为国际核酸序列数据库贡献130条核酸序列,其中有50条是16S rDNA的全序列。在最后对分子生物学方法在微生物生态学中的应用进行了简短讨论。

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海洋中的微生物多样性是十分丰富的。南海北部区域表层水的微生物群落结构及物种多样性情况仍不十分清楚。本研究,采用构建基因克隆文库的方法,对该区域内表层水中的微生物多样性及分布特点进行研究。获得了8000多个细菌16S rDNA基因、真核微生物ITS 区基因及光合微型生物 psbA 基因单克隆。本研究结果表明:在南海北部区域表层水中存在两种不同微生物类群,即近海岸带海洋微生物类群和开阔海域海洋微生物类群。 16S rDNA基因克隆文库中,确定了507个OTUs。93.7% 的16S rDNA 序列定义在同一种水平上,1.4 %的16S rDNA序列定义在同一属的水平上,2.7%的16S rDNA序列定义在同一纲的水平上,1.2%的16S rDNA序列定义在同一门的水平上。值得一提的是有0.7%的南海表层水样品的16S rDNA 序列,属于目前数据库中的未知序列。系统育树分析表明这类序列可归属于4个不同的分枝群。与Venter’s Sorcerer II 海洋科考(马尾岛海域)的结果不同,南海北部区域表层水中,并没有发现SAR11分支细菌、丝状杆菌(Fibrobacter)和Rheinheimera细菌序列,但南海北部区域却发现了马尾岛海域未检测到的物种,如酸杆菌门、恐球菌-栖热菌门、厚壁菌门,硝化螺旋菌门,浮霉菌门以及疣微菌类细菌。除疣微菌外,其他5种细菌都是海洋环境样品中较为常见的细菌。变形菌门、蓝细菌及厚壁菌门细菌序列是南海北部表层样品16S rDNA基因克隆文库中的主要类群。 真核生物如浮游植物和海洋真菌是海洋表面生物质的主要组成部分之一。现有的研究多集中在环境样品的原核微生物的群落结构研究上,很少关注海洋微型真核生物的多样性及群落结构分布。本研究通过构建ITS基因克隆文库的方法,得到了3044条ITS序列,最终定义了1288个OTUs。其中,329个OTUs序列定义在同一种水平上,310个OTUs序列定义在同一属或纲的水平上,123个OTUs序列定义在同一门的水平上。值得注意的是有339个OTUs的序列,属于目前数据库中的未知序列。系统发育树分析表明它们分别归属于4个不同的分枝群。这表明以往对海洋真核微型生物的多样性仍知之甚少。盘菌亚门、体腔动物门和担子菌纲是南海北部表层样品ITS基因克隆文库中的主要类群。此外,在南海北部区域还发现了少数归属于绿藻、链形植物、定鞭金藻类、放射虫类、Stramenopiles、Typhlocoela、壶菌类、多孢囊霉目、子囊菌门、地位未定的物种、 酵母、领鞭毛虫门、不可培养的后生动物和海绵动物的ITS序列。 海洋初级生产力主要是依靠光合微型浮游生物进行光合作用完成的。利用新设计的psbA通用引物,对南海北部33个表层水样滤膜进行基因克隆文库建库分析,最终获得了南海北部区域表层水微生物多样性及其分布特点研究3062条部分psbA基因序列,并将其划分为957个 OTUs。其中蓝细菌和未培养的病毒序列在psbA基因库中的数量最多。本研究还发现了南海北部区域存在11个独立分支的新型psbA类群。研究证实psbA基因可以作为一种研究海洋光合微型浮游生物群落结构的指示基因。 克隆文库相似性分析发现,在所有的16S rDNA克隆文库中没有任意两个站点的克隆文库相似性超过50%。虽然N401和N420站点的16S rDNA克隆文库相似性最大,但它们在地理位置上并不接近。一些地理位置接近的站点,其16S rDNA克隆文库之间相似性比较接近。比如,海南岛区域的克隆文库之间就比较相似,且在同一分支。大多数地理环境相似的站点的16S rDNA克隆文库都聚在同一大分支上。例如,来自于珠江口区域站点的克隆文库之间的相似性比较接近,而且分布在一个大分支中;开阔海洋区域的16S rDNA克隆文库,也大多聚类在同一分支中。但也有例外的情况:比如 N107 和N400 站点的16S rDNA克隆文库,就聚类到一起,分析发现这两个文库中所处的环境都是甲烷产生区,其中都含有相似的与甲烷代谢相关的菌群。不过从整体来看,整个南海北部的细菌群落,大致分为两大类:中国大陆近海岸微生物群落和开阔海域微生物群落。33个ITS克隆文库的相似性分析发现:相似性在10%以下的类群,可以分成两大分支,而且该分类,比细菌群落的分布情况更接近南海北部的地理环境特征。对psbA基因克隆文库的相似性分析也验证了在南海北部区域表层水中存在两种不同微生物生态系统。 此外,本研究针对分子生态专业软件DOTUR程序在处理大量克隆文库数据时所遇到的

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A yellow-pigmented strain of the genus Thermus, with optimum growth temperatures about 65-70 degreesC, was isolated from the hot springs in Rehai of Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, pigment analysis of RH99-GF7504 strain and its phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA showed that this organism represented a new species of the genus Thermus(1)). This strain had maximum temperatures for growth below 80 degreesC. The new isolate from Rehai of Tengchong could be distinguished from other strains of the genus Thermus by its special structure and by its inability to hydrolyze gelatin and starch. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the name Thermus rehai sp nov is proposed for the species, represented by strain RH99-GF7504 (CCTCC-AB200292).

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从滇池蓝藻水华集聚区分离获得一株溶藻细菌DC-L5,通过形态及16S rDNA测序分析鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌。用小白鼠进行生物安全实验,小白鼠无中毒症状。研究表明当细菌处于对数生长期时溶藻效果最强,共培养5d使铜锈微囊藻的叶绿素a含量下降83.33%,使惠氏微囊藻、绿色微囊藻、水华束丝藻和水华鱼腥藻4种蓝藻叶绿素a下降率最高为67.6%,最低为58.5%,平均为62.25%。离心沉降后,发现沉淀菌体和无菌上清液对铜锈微囊藻都有溶藻效果,但溶藻效果不及原菌液,推测DC-L5可能是通过直接接触使藻细胞凝聚下沉及进

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本研究从2例垂死的患败血症并肠套叠的斑点叉尾鮰血液、肝脏及脑组织中分离到2种类型的致病性细菌菌株,经对细菌进行形态观察、生理生化测试和16S rDNA序列分析,分别鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌;攻毒实验证实它们确为斑点叉尾鮰病鱼的病原。根据药敏实验的结果,及时对病区斑点叉尾鮰进行治疗,连续用药3—5d,发病的叉尾鮰即停止死亡。根据研究结果,文章对斑点叉尾鮰肠套叠发生的原因进行了的分析,提出了不同的观点。

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从广东省中山市的池塘水样、底泥、健康鱼、肠道及稻田土样中用Aeromonas的选择培养基分离到10株气单胞菌。通过生理生化测试、16S rDNA序列测定、与气单胞菌典型菌株的16S rDNA序列进行比对和聚类分析,对它们进行了鉴定,并研究了它们之间的系统发生关系。结果显示该地区环境中气单胞菌的优势种除A.hydrophila(HG1组)外,还有A.caviae(HG4组)、A.jandaei(HG9组)和A.veronii(HG10组),其中后两种是国内新记录。这是国内首次对环境中气单胞菌多样性进行研究。