Experimental Evidence of Critical Sensitivity in Catastrophe

The paper presents an experimental study on critical sensitivity in rocks. Critical sensitivity means that the response of a system to external controlling variable may become significantly sensitive as the system approaches its catastrophic rupture point. It is found that the sensitivities measured by responses on three scales (sample scale, locally macroscopic scales and mesoscopic scale) display increase prior to catastrophic transition point. These experimental results do support the concept that critical sensitivity might be a common precursory feature of catastrophe. Furthermore, our previous theoretical model is extended to explore the fluctuations in critical sensitivity in the rock tests.

Experimental Study on Flow and Sediment Movement in Cavity Circulations

This paper reports a flume experiment of flow and sediment movement in a cavity. The flow velocity, sediment concentration and the mechanism of hydraulic sorting in the circulation flow are discussed. The quantity and patterns of sediment deposition in the circulation area are studied as well.

The relationship of SIF between plate and plane fracture problems and the effect of the plate thickness on SIF

In the present paper, it is shown that the zero series eigenfunctions of Reissner plate cracks/notches fracture problems are analogous to the eigenfunctions of anti-plane and in-plane. The singularity in the double series expression of plate problems only arises in zero series parts. In view of the relationship with eigen-values of anti-plane and in-plane problem, the solution of eigen-values for Reissner plates consists of two parts: anti-plane problem and in-plane problem. As a result the corresponding eigen-values or the corresponding eigen-value solving programs with respect to the anti-plane and in-plane problems can be employed and many aggressive SIF computed methods of plane problems can be employed in the plate. Based on those, the approximate relationship of SIFs between the plate and the plane fracture problems is figured out, and the effect relationship of the plate thickness on SIF is given.

Turbulent Modeling of ABL over Wavy Water Surface

A new model accounting for both turbulence and sea state effects has been proposed in this paper to describe momentum, heat and moisture exchanges through air-sea interface. While long wave components mainly change air flow profile, short wave components

皮肤低阻点及其循经分布特征的微机检测——Ⅱ、皮肤低阻点的循经分布

本文报道应用自行研制用于皮肤电阻抗检测的微机系统与对人体皮肤低阻点分布检测结果表明,皮肤低阻点分布基本上是循经的。实验证实此方法可靠,结果稳定。

二维流体-弹塑性流动计算

<正> 在经典力学中,传统的看法是把物质严格区分为流体和固体两大类,相应地有流体动力学和固体动力学。但在自然界中物质并不总是能如此区分的,而且物质状态也不是一成不变的。例如核装置在岩石中爆炸时能产生几百万大气压的高压和几百万度的高温,足以使周围岩石汽化和液化,这时岩石剪切强度可忽略不计,因而能够把它看作流体;但是地冲击波向外传播时强度逐渐减弱,岩石的固体特性就越来越明显,呈现出弹塑性特性。由此可见,在爆炸荷载作用下岩石既可能是流体也可能是固体。研究这类特殊过程中物质运动规律的学科

无力场的运动学特征

无力场在太阳物理中是常遇到的,特别是色球和日冕活动区中,那里的磁场位形都应该是无力场。通常认为,磁力线的扭绞过程可以将势场变为有电流的无力场,从而在活动区中储存能量。在我们碰到的太阳大气活动的实际问题中,磁雷诺数R_m≈10~3>>1,所以对这种条件下的无力场必须作专门讨论。本文利用冻结型无力场的一般结果,讨论了太阳大气中等离子体的运动状况及无力场的运动学特征。

The motion of solid particles in a liquid with vertical temperature-gradient

A ground-experiment study on the motions of solid particles in liquid media with vertical temperature gradient is performed in this paper. The movement of solid spheres toward the heating end of a close cell is observed. The behavior and features of the motions examined are quite similar to thermocapillary migration of bubbles and drops in a liquid. The motion velocities of particles measured are about 10(-3) to 10(-4) mm\s. The velocity is compared with the velocity of particles floated in two liquid media. The physical mechanism of motion is explored.

Crystal-growth in floating zone with phase-change and thermosolutal convections

Floating zone crystal growth in microgravity environment is investigated numerically by a finite element method for semiconductor growth processing, which involves thermocapillary convection, phase change convection, thermal diffusion and solutal diffusion. The configurations of phase change interfaces and distributions of velocity, temperature and concentration fields are analyzed for typical conditions of pulling rates and segregation coefficients. The influence of phase change convection on the distribution of concentration is studied in detail. The results show that the thermocapillary convection plays an important role in mixing up the melt with dopant. The deformations of phase change interfaces by thermal convection-diffusion and pulling rods make larger variation of concentration field in comparison with the case of plane interfaces.

Inhomogeneous behavior of antiplane shear crack in softening material with local unloading

Examined in this work is the anti-plane stress and strain near a crack in a material that softens beyond the elastic peak and unloads on a linear path through the initial state. The discontinuity in the constitutive relation is carried into the analysis such that one portion of the local solution is elliptic in character and the other hyperbolic. Material elements in one region may cross over to another as the loading is increased. Local unloading can thus prevail. Presented are the inhomogeneous character of the asymptotic stress and strain in the elliptic and hyperbolic region, in addition to the region in which the material elements had experienced unloading. No one single stress or strain coefficient would be adequate for describing crack instability.

过冷核态池沸腾中的Marangoni效应

分析了过冷核态池沸腾过程中气泡横向运动现象,指出其成因在于相邻气泡界面温度差引起的Mara- ngoni对流对周围液体的吸引.通过对该流动的尺度分析,得到了气泡横向运动特征速度及其可观测度的估算公式,其预测结果与实验观测相一致.特别是对极细小的初始核化气泡,该公式预测了强烈的横向Marangoni对流会导致气泡顶端微射流的形成.该效应在加热面水平向下或微重力沸腾等气泡脱落频率较低的情形中尤为重要.

板壳断裂力学

本书阐明了板壳断裂理论的基础。论证了Reissner型板壳断裂理论的科学性、经典板壳断裂理论的缺陷及在一定范围内仍具有的实用价值；介绍了作者所创意的研究Reissner型板壳断裂纹尖端场的方法等。

目录