Whistles of boto, Inia geoffrensis, and tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis

Whistles were recorded and analyzed from free-ranging single or mixed species groups of boto and tucuxi in the Peruvian Amazon, with sonograms presented. Analysis revealed whistles recorded falling into two discrete groups: a low-frequency group with maximum frequency below 5 kHz, and a high-frequency group with maximum frequencies above 8 kHz and usually above 10 kHz. Whistles in the two groups differed significantly in all five measured variables (beginning frequency, end frequency, minimum frequency, maximum frequency, and duration). Comparisons with Published details of whistles by other platanistoid river dolphins and by oceanic dolphins suggest that the low-frequency whistles were produced by boto, the high-frequency whistles by tucuxi. Tape recordings obtained on three occasions when only one species was present tentatively support this conclusion, but it is emphasized that this is based on few data. (C) 2001 Acoustical Society of America.

基于PCI总线的计数卡电路

介绍了新近研制开发的一种实用计数卡,该计数卡基于PCI总线,采用单片机8051AH、计数器芯片LS7031等器件构建;最大计数范围为109-1,最大计数时间1×106s,最高的计数频率为20MHz。

信号采集与数据处理电路的研究

随着原子核科学技术的发展，无论是对原子核内部特征和规律的研究，或者是对原子核科学技术的应用，都需要对核辐射和原子核所携带的信息进行测量和分析研究。在核电子学测量系统中，核辐射探测器输出信号在经过各种信号处理电路后，通常都要变换成数字信号，再经过数据收集和处理，给出实验的最终结果，因此实验工作的任何进展都要求有相应的数据获取和处理系统的支持。根据实验的实际需求，我们以采集、处理探测器输出的信号为题，开展了一些研究工作，我们先后开展的研究工作包括以下儿个方面：1．激光功率计的变换与显示电路的研制2．基于PCI总线、嵌入8051单片机的计数卡的研制3．数据处理分析软件的设计这三部分的设计工作我们将在论文的第二、第三、第四章分别进行阐述。激光功率计的变换与显示电路把由激光功率计输出的模拟电压量变为数字脉冲输出，并且把该输出脉冲的频率实时定性显示出来。本电路测量精度高，线性好，工作稳定。我们研制开发的计数卡是一种很实用的计数卡，它是一种基于PCI总线，嵌入单片机的高速计数器，最大计数范围为109-1，最高的计数频率为20MHz。该计数卡计数范围宽，计数频率高，具有定时计数、重复计数等功能，可以取代常规的定标器，具有广泛的应用前景。数据处理分析软件包括下位机软件、上位机软件及通讯协议三部分，实现数据的采集与记录，并将读取的数据以Excel电子表格的形式存储，以备查询。下位机的软件采用KeilC编写，上位机软件采用Delphi编写。目前激光功率计的变换与显示电路和计数卡及相应的数据处理软件都设计、调试完成，已经投入使用，获得满意结果，受到好评。

Gelatin multilayer assembled on the poly(L-lactic acid) surface for better cytocompatibility

Gelatin multilayers were assembled on PLLA substrate at pH 3, 5, and 7, which was below, around, and above the isoelectric point of the amphoteric polymer, using the layer-by-layer assembly technique. The multilayer deposition on the PLLA substrate was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurement. The XPS, water contact angle, and atomic force microscopy data indicated that the layer thickness, surface hydrophicity, and surface morphology of the gelatin multilayers assembled strongly depended on the pH at which the layers were deposited

Study on a comb-like polymer electrolyte based on the backbone of ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer

A comb-like polymer host(CBPE) as polymer electrolyte was synthesized by reacting poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEGME) with ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer(EMAC) and endcapping the residual carboxylic acid with methanol. The synthetic process was followed by IR and the amorphous product characterized by IR and elemental analysis. There were two peaks in the plot of the ionic conductivity against Li salt concentration. The plot of log sigma vs. 1/(T - T-0) may exhibit dual VTF behavior when using the glass transition temperature of PEO of side chain as T-0. The comb-like polymer is a white rubbery solid which dissolves in acetone. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

M_∞→1时圆球绕前体流场的数值模拟

本文根据来流马赫数Ｍ∞选取坐标变换函数，将Ｍ∞→１时的低超声速回球绕流前体流场变换到矩形的计算区域，忽略粘性影响，采用时间相关法，用ＴＶＤ有限差分格式求Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程的定常解，得到了Ｍ∞＝１．０５、１．０１和１．００５的流场分布。结果与弹道靶的实验吻合较好

Explorations of electric-current system in solar active regions .1. Empirical inferences of the current flows

In this paper we explore techniques to identify sources of electric current systems and their channels of flow in solar active regions. Measured photospheric vector magnetic fields (VMF) together with high-resolution white-light and H filtergrams provide the data base to derive the current systems in the photosphere and chromosphere. Simple mathematical constructions of fields and currents are also adopted to understand these data. As an example, the techniques are then applied to infer current systems in AR 2372 in early April 1980. The main results are: (i) In unipolar sunspots the current density may reach values of 103 CGSE, and the Lorentz force on it can accelerate the Evershed flow, (ii) Spots exhibiting significant spiral pattrn in the penumbral filaments are the sources of vertical major currents at the photospheric surface, (iii) Magnetic neutral lines where the transverse field was strongly sheared were channels along which strong current system flows, (iv) The inferred current systems produced oppositely-flowing currents in the area of the delta configuration that was the site of flaring in AR 2372.

Adaptive evolution of primate TRIM5 alpha, a gene restricting HIV-1 infection

Recent studies showed that nonhuman primate TRIM5 alpha can efficiently block HIV-1 infection in human cell lines. It can also restrict other retroviruses, therefore, suggested as a general defender against retrovirus infection. Here, we present an evolutionary analysis of TRIM5 alpha in primates. Our results demonstrated that TRIM5a has been evolving rapidly in primates, which is likely caused by Darwinian positive selection. The SPRY domain of TRM5 alpha, which may be responsible for recognition of incoming viral capsids showed higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios than the non-SPRY domain, indicating that the adaptive evolution of TRIM5a ill primates might be an innate strategy developed in defending retrovirus infection during primate evolution. In addition, the comparative protein sequence analysis suggested that the amino acid substitution pattern at a single site (344R/Q/P) located in the SPRY domain may explain the differences in Susceptibilities of HIV-1 infection in diverse primate species. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The photophysical properties of binary and ternary complexes of rare earths with conjugated carboxylic acids and 1,10-phenanthroline

Results of photophysical properties of the complexes of Gd3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ with conjugated carboxylic acids (3,4-funandicarboxylic acid and nicotinic acid) and 1,10-phenanthroline are reported. Whether between central ions and ligands or between the two ligands, it is found that the intramolecular energy efficiency is a sensitive function of the relative positions of the resonance energy levels of the central ions and the lowest triplet states of the ligands. Couplings of rare earth ions to the ligands are discussed in detail. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION OF COBALT IN HAIR FOLLOWING ON-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION WITH 1-(2-PYRIDYLAZO)-2-NAPHTHOL-6-SULFONIC ACID AND REVERSED-PHASE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method for the specific determination of cobalt based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography with amperometric detection via on-column complex formation has been developed. A water-soluble chelating agent, 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid (PAN-6S), is added to the mobile phase and aqueous cobalt solutions are injected directly into the column to form in situ the cobalt-PAN-6S chelate, which is then separated from other metal PAN-6S chelates and subjected to reductive amperometric detection at a moderate potential of -0.3 V. Because the procedure eliminates the interference of oxygen and depresses the electrochemical reduction of the mobile phase-containing ligand PAN-6S, by virtue of the quasi:reversible electrode process of the cobalt-PAN-6S complex, a low detection limit of 0.06 ng can be readily obtained. Interference effects were examined for sixteen common metal species, and at a 5- to 8000-fold excess by mass no obvious interference was observed. The feasibility of the method as an approach to the specific analysis of cobalt in a hair sample has been demonstrated.

STRUCTURE OF CIS-DIAQUABIS(1,10-PHENANTHROLINE)ZINC SULFATE HEXAHYDRATE

[Zn(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]SO4.6H2O, M(r) = 665.98, triclinic, P1BAR, a = 10.070 (4), b = 12.280 (3), c = 13.358 (2) angstrom, alpha = 109.12 (2), beta = 92.58 (2), gamma = 110.85 (2)-degrees, V = 1433.9 (7) angstrom 3, Z = 2, D(x) = 1.54 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71069 angstrom, mu = 10.1 cm-1, F(000) = 692, T = 293 K, R = 0.044 for 3985 observed reflections. The Zn atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by four N atoms from two 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two water molecules. The intermolecular ring-stacking interactions between the phen ligands occur in two forms: infinite chains and discrete dimers. Hydrogen bonds further stabilize the structure.