Raman Spectrum of silicon nanowires

We measure the effects of phonon confinement on the Raman spectra of silicon nanowires (SiNWs). We show how previous reports of phonon confinement in SiNWs and nanostructures are actually inconsistent with phonon confinement, but are due to the intense local heating caused by the laser power used for Raman measurements. This is peculiar to nanostructures, and would require orders of magnitude higher power in bulk Si. By varying the temperature, power and excitation energy, we identify the contributions of pure confinement, heating and carrier photo-excitation. After eliminating laser-related effects, the Raman spectra show confinement signatures typical of quantum wires. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Doping dependence of the Raman spectrum of defected graphene.

We investigate the evolution of the Raman spectrum of defected graphene as a function of doping. Polymer electrolyte gating allows us to move the Fermi level up to 0.7 eV, as directly monitored by in situ Hall-effect measurements. For a given number of defects, we find that the intensities of the D and D' peaks decrease with increasing doping. We assign this to an increased total scattering rate of the photoexcited electrons and holes, due to the doping-dependent strength of electron-electron scattering. We present a general relation between D peak intensity and defects valid for any doping level.

Decentralised minimal-time consensus

This study considers the discrete-time dynamics of a network of agents that exchange information according to the nearest-neighbour protocol under which all agents are guaranteed to reach consensus asymptotically. We present a fully decentralised algorithm that allows any agent to compute the consensus value of the whole network in finite time using only the minimal number of successive values of its own history. We show that this minimal number of steps is related to a Jordan block decomposition of the network dynamics and present an algorithm to obtain the minimal number of steps in question by checking a rank condition on a Hankel matrix of the local observations. Furthermore, we prove that the minimal number of steps is related to other algebraic and graph theoretical notions that can be directly computed from the Laplacian matrix of the graph and from the underlying graph topology. © 2011 IEEE.

Decentralised minimum-time consensus

We consider the discrete-time dynamics of a network of agents that exchange information according to a nearest-neighbour protocol under which all agents are guaranteed to reach consensus asymptotically. We present a fully decentralised algorithm that allows any agent to compute the final consensus value of the whole network in finite time using the minimum number of successive values of its own state history. We show that the minimum number of steps is related to a Jordan block decomposition of the network dynamics, and present an algorithm to compute the final consensus value in the minimum number of steps by checking a rank condition of a Hankel matrix of local observations. Furthermore, we prove that the minimum number of steps is related to graph theoretical notions that can be directly computed from the Laplacian matrix of the graph and from the minimum external equitable partition. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Collective motion of self-propelled particles: Stabilizing symmetric formations on closed curves

We provide feedback control laws to stabilize formations of multiple, unit speed particles on smooth, convex, and closed curves with definite curvature. As in previous work we exploit an analogy with coupled phase oscillators to provide controls which isolate symmetric particle formations that are invariant to rigid translation of all the particles. In this work, we do not require all particles to be able to communicate; rather we assume that inter-particle communication is limited and can be modeled by a fixed, connected, and undirected graph. Because of their unique spectral properties, the Laplacian matrices of circulant graphs play a key role. The methodology is demonstrated using a superellipse, which is a type of curve that includes circles, ellipses, and rounded rectangles. These results can be used in applications involving multiple autonomous vehicles that travel at constant speed around fixed beacons. ©2006 IEEE.

Fourier spectrum based extraction of an equivalent trap state density in indium gallium zinc oxide transistors

Segregating the dynamics of gate bias induced threshold voltage shift, and in particular, charge trapping in thin film transistors (TFTs) based on time constants provides insight into the different mechanisms underlying TFTs instability. In this Letter we develop a representation of the time constants and model the magnitude of charge trapped in the form of an equivalent density of created trap states. This representation is extracted from the Fourier spectrum of the dynamics of charge trapping. Using amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O TFTs as an example, the charge trapping was modeled within an energy range of ΔEt 0.3 eV and with a density of state distribution as Dt(Et-j)=Dt0exp(-ΔEt/ kT)with Dt0 = 5.02 × 1011 cm-2 eV-1. Such a model is useful for developing simulation tools for circuit design. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.