Spatial determination of gold catalyst residue used in the production of ZnO nanowires by SIMS depth profiling analysis

In this paper we demonstrate how secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be applied to ZnO nanowire structures for gold catalyst residue determination. Gold plays a significant role in determining the structural properties of such nanowires, with the location of the gold after growth being a strong indicator of the growth mechanism. For the material investigated here, we find that the gold remains at the substrate-nanowire interface. This was not anticipated as the usual growth mechanism associated with catalyst growth is of a vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) type. The results presented here favour a vapour-solid (VS) growth mechanism instead. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The production of separate streams of pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide from coal via an iron-oxide redox cycle

A chemical looping process using the redox reactions of iron oxide has been used to produce separate streams of pure H2 and CO2 from a solid fuel. An iron oxide carrier prepared using a mechanical mixing technique and comprised of 100wt.% Fe2O3 was used. It was demonstrated that hydrogen can be produced from three representative coals - a Russian bituminous, a German lignite and a UK sub-bituminous coal. Depending on the fuel, pure H2 with [CO] ≲50vol.ppm can be obtained from the proposed process. The cyclic stability of the iron oxide carrier was not adversely affected by contaminants found in syngas which are gaseous above 273K. Stable quantities of H2 were produced over five cycles for all three coals investigated. Independent of the fuel, SO2 was not formed during the oxidation with steam, i.e. the produced H2 was not contaminated with SO2. Since oxidation with air removes contaminants and generates useful heat and pure N2 for purging, it should be included in the operating cycle. Overall, it was demonstrated that the proposed process may be an attractive approach to upgrade crude syngas produced by the gasification of low-rank coals to pure H2, representing a substantial increase in calorific value, whilst simultaneous capturing CO2, a greenhouse gas. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.