Observations on some German contributions to engineering design in memory of professor Wolfgang Beitz

This paper, written in memory of Professor Wolfgang Beitz, discusses some of the influences of the work undertaken in Germany on systematic engineering design. It highlights differences between the language regions, and gives examples of design research and design education linked to Konstruktionslehre - the standard text on systematic engineering design for which Professor Beitz was most widely recognised outside Germany. The paper finishes with a plea for a greater exchange of ideas.

Unified form language: A domain-specific language for weak formulations of partial differential equations

We present the Unified Form Language (UFL), which is a domain-specific language for representing weak formulations of partial differential equations with a view to numerical approximation. Features of UFL include support for variational forms and functionals, automatic differentiation of forms and expressions, arbitrary function space hierarchies formultifield problems, general differential operators and flexible tensor algebra. With these features, UFL has been used to effortlessly express finite element methods for complex systems of partial differential equations in near-mathematical notation, resulting in compact, intuitive and readable programs. We present in this work the language and its construction. An implementation of UFL is freely available as an open-source software library. The library generates abstract syntax tree representations of variational problems, which are used by other software libraries to generate concrete low-level implementations. Some application examples are presented and libraries that support UFL are highlighted. © 2014 ACM.