Reynolds number influence on turbulent blocking effects of a rigid plane boundary (3rd report, direct numerical simulation on wall blocking effects for anisotropic turbulence)

The Reynolds number influence on turbulent blocking effects by a rigid plane boundary is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). A new forcing method proposed in the second report using Townsend's "simple model eddies" for DNS was extended to generate axisymmetric anisotropic turbulence. A force field is obtained in real space by sprinkling many space-filling "simple model eddies" whose centers are randomly but uniformly distributed in space. The axes of rotation are controlled in this study to generate axisymmetric anisotropic turbulence. The method is applied to a shear-free turbulent boundary layer over a rigid plane boundary and the blocking effects for anisotropic turbulence are investigated. The results show that stationary axisymmetric anisotropic turbulence is generated using the present method. Turbulence intensities near the wall showed good agreements with the rapid distortion theory (RDT) for small t (t ≪ TL), where TL. is the eddy turnover time. The splat effect (i. e. turbulence intensities of the components parallel to the surface are amplified) occurs near the boundary and the viscous effect attenuates the splat effect at the quasi steady state at low Reynolds number as for Isotropic turbulence. Prandtl's secondary flow of the second kind does not occur for low Reynolds number flows, which qualitatively agrees with previous observetion in a mixing-box.

Recent developments of the Laser-assisted Cold Spray process and deposit characterisation

Laser-assisted Cold Spray (LCS) is a new coating and fabrication process which combines the supersonic powder beam found in Cold Spray (CS) with laser heating of the deposition zone. LCS retains the advantages of CS; solid-state deposition, high build rate and the ability to deposit onto a range of substrates, while reducing operating costs by removing the need to use gas heating and helium as the process gas. Recent improvements in powder delivery and laser energy coupling to workpiece have been undertaken to improve deposition efficiency (DE) and build rate, while real-time temperature logging allows greater management of deposition conditions and deposit characteristics.