Strategies for modeling turbulent flows in electronics

Hybrid methods based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) formulation are investigated to try and improve the accuracy of heat transfer and surface temperature predictions for electronics systems and components. Two relatively low Reynolds number flows are studied using hybrid RANS-LES, RANS-Implicit-LES (RANS-ILES) and non-linear LES models. Predictions using these methods are in good agreement with each other, even using different grid resolutions. © 2008 IEEE.

Value creation from the innovation environment: Partnership strategies in university spin-outs

University spin-out (USO) companies play an increasingly important role in generating value from radical, generic technologies, but this translation requires significant resources from other players to reach the market. Seven case studies illuminate how relationships with each type of partner can be leveraged to help the firm create value. We find that most firms in the sample are aware of the importance of corporate partners and actively seek to cultivate these relationships, but may not be taking full advantage of the resources available through nonparent academic institutions and other USOs with similar or complementary technologies. © 2013 The Authors. R&D Management © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.