Local exchange in the southern levant during the early bronze age: a political economy viewpoint

Trade and relations between the southern Levant and other regions of the Near East (mainly Egypt) during the Early Bronze Age (ca. 3,600–2,300 BC) have been the subject of many studies. Research concerning the exchange of local commodities was almost ignored or was discussed in parochial studies, focusing on specific archaeological finds. It is the intention of this paper to present the results of recent research of the exchange of commodities provided by archaeological data from excavations in the Southern Levant with regard to economic theories on the exchange-value of goods and exchange networks. Conclusions regarding the type of society and the forms of government in the Southern Levant during the Early Bronze Age are also presented.

Catholic social economy : past evolution and present challenges

Introducción: This article provides a historical interpretation of Catholic social economy (also called Social Catholicism) in an attempt to give a Christian form to capitalism. The aim of this writing is to reflect on the evolution of Catholic economic thought and to offer some foreseeable development in light of the experience that characterized the early stages of this movement. By Catholic social economy, the author does not mean the social doctrine of the church, but the whole set of scientific work of Catholic scholars, with their different orientations and acceptance by the official documents of the holy soil. Roman Catholicism is the only religion that has produced wide and continuous scientific research about political economy. This should not be considered an anomaly, because the positivistic attitude of modern economics tends to crowd out the classic unitary view of man and of a good life that characterizes Catholic anthropology. As a consequence, it can be considered an attempt to address scientific research in a way compatible to the Catholic view of the “social nature of man”, and not an attempt to resist or to contrast the role of science. The fundamental concepts of this stream of research have been the idea of natural law intended as a moral order (vs. the equilibrium of conflicting strategies), the social nature of man (vs. individualism and individual autonomy) and the role that charity and justice assume for individual behaviour inspired by the common good (vs. freedom and laissez faire)...

Aportes teóricos de la psicología cognitiva para la construcción de una nueva economía científica

Resumen: El presente ensayo teórico se orienta a revisar las concepciones de sujeto de uno de los sistemas teóricos de economía-política que han tenido mayor influencia hasta el presente. El padre del liberalismo (Adam Smith) sustentó una teoría de sujeto cartesiano (moderno), es decir, un verdadero sapiens sapiens racional y autoconsciente. A través de la psicología cognitiva, los Premios Nobel en economía Kanheman y Tversky presentan una nueva variante de homoeconomicus, enriquecida con aportes de la ciencia experimental, modificando sustancialmente aquella vieja concepción de hombre como ser racional que signó casi todo el pensamiento moderno. Dadas estas “recientes revisiones” teórico-metodológicas, gestadas a la luz de la denominada ciencia de la mente, es que se hace indispensable re-pensar las viejas nociones de sujeto que sirvieron de cimiento al sistema económico y político, antes citadas. Para tal fin, se propone efectuar una sinergia teórico-metodológica entre dos disciplinas científicas: la economía y la psicología. Dicho sincretismo podría proporcionar las bases para una nueva disciplina científica integradora, que muchos teóricos ya han denominado neuro-economía. Es por esto que en el presente trabajo se propone realizar una crítica fundamentada de una de las teorías económicas vigentes, haciendo principal hincapié en los supuestos psicológicos y antropológicos. Finalmente, se intenta re-pensar un nuevo modelo de homoeconomicus, articulando los principales supuestos de la economía actual con algunos de los aportes de la psicología cognitiva, la biología y las neurociencias cognitivas, que redunde en un nuevo paradigma integrador denominado psiconeuro- economía.