Rejeição de medidas provisórias : quando o Legislativo vence o Executivo

Objetiva compreender como se dá, com foco na separação e independência dos Poderes, a relação entre Executivo e Legislativo no Brasil após a promulgação da Constituição de 1988. Sob a perspectiva da Câmara dos Deputados, verificou-se, com base na observação dos dispositivos constitucionais e regimentais, que a organização interna do Congresso Nacional centraliza as decisões nos líderes dos partidos, e que para que as iniciativas presidenciais logrem êxito, o Presidente de República é obrigado a formar coalizões com os parlamentares, que são mantidas com base na negociação por cargos e com a liberação de emendas orçamentárias. Com base nas hipóteses levantadas a partir de teorias (em especial os da temática da política pública, da conexão eleitoral e dos ciclos eleitorais), constatou-se que em alguns casos os interesses dos parlamentares prevalecem, apesar da grande coalizão presidencial. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise das medidas provisórias rejeitadas no período compreendido entre 2001 a 2010. Ao final, concluiu-se que o poder decisório do Presidente da República não é inerente de suas prerrogativas legislativas, mas devido ao consentimento dos parlamentares, especialmente dos líderes partidários. É uma situação que, embora restrinja a atuação individual dos parlamentares, fortalece os partidos políticos e seus líderes.

The Politics of Internet Regulation in Brazil : dynamics, factors, and actors in broadband policy

In May 2010, Brazil joined the roll of nations with a National Broadband Plan. The Decree nº 7,175/2010 had implemented a program that aimed to offer 30 million permanent broadband accesses until 2014 and established its main goals, such as accelerating economic and social development, promoting digital inclusion, reducing social and regional inequalities, promoting a generation of employment and income, and expanding electronic government services. However, the broadband access in Brazil is limited, expensive, and centralized in the main urban centres. Despite the fast growth in the past years due to mobile internet access, the market is still concentrated in the local incumbent operators that currently provide mobile services, landline services and Paid-TV services, resulting in a high level of market verticalization. The following dissertation investigates the constraint of broadband access development, the dynamics, the actors, and the factors that have delayed the roll-out of broadband services in Brazil. The study also promotes reflections about the challenge posed by the media, by costumers associations and by public opinion as critical observers of the policy making process. This research examines on the political influence towards regulation to determine the way policy will benefit interest groups. Many interviews have been conducted in order to understand the forces which have been acting in the telecommunications in Brazil after privatization, in 1998. This study aims to provide a better understanding of telecommunications regulatory process in Brazil, in order to help the country finding an adequate policy which can lead to the implementation of a broadband roll-out. The universal broadband access is the only way to benefit the whole society in Brazil with a satisfactory level of education and create more jobs and economic development regarding the plenty use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT).