El discurso en el estudio de las organizaciones. Una revisión de la literatura

[ES] En el documento se presenta una revisión de la literatura referente al discurso en el estudio de las organizaciones, que parte de sus fundamentos teóricos y sus principales aportes. La unidad de análisis fueron 88 textos seleccionados en una revisión sistemática de 5.509 artículos, publicados entre 2000 y 2012, en diez de las principales revistas internacionales relacionadas con la temática definida. Para relevar y categorizar los datos pertinentes, se utilizó el software de investigación cualitativa Atlas.ti, versión 6.2. La comprensión de la información se complementó con métodos de análisis de contenido y de frecuencia. De los principales resultados se infirieron cuatro dimensiones del discurso: instrumental, simbólica, estratégica y comunicacional. Además, se realizó una clasificación de los artículos con base en los enfoques sobre el discurso y las temáticas organizacionales estudiadas. Los aportes encontrados en dicha revisión permiten plantear que el discurso no solo es lo dicho sino también aquello que ha sido silenciado en la organización, campo de investigación que ha sido poco explorado en los textos analizados. Este artículo realiza contribuciones importantes para el área administrativa y organizacional, en especial para todos aquellos profesionales que se interesen por el análisis de las organizaciones desde la perspectiva del discurso, tanto en la academia como en la asesoría e intervención en ellas.

Design, analysis and implementation of a versatile low level radio frequency system for accelerating cavities

179 p.

Word frequency cues word order in adults: cross-linguistic evidence

[EN] One universal feature of human languages is the division between grammatical functors and content words. From a learnability point of view, functors might provide entry points or anchors into the syntactic structure of utterances due to their high frequency. Despite its potentially universal scope, this hypothesis has not yet been tested on typologically different languages and on populations of different ages. Here we report a corpus study and an artificial grammar learning experiment testing the anchoring hypothesis in Basque, Japanese, French, and Italian adults. We show that adults are sensitive to the distribution of functors in their native language and use them when learning new linguistic material. However, compared to infants’ performance on a similar task, adults exhibit a slightly different behavior, matching the frequency distributions of their native language more closely than infants do. This finding bears on the issue of the continuity of language learning mechanism.

Stability analysis of RF amplifiers based on MIMO pole-zero identification

Spurious oscillations are one of the principal issues faced by microwave and RF circuit designers. The rigorous detection of instabilities or the characterization of measured spurious oscillations is still an ongoing challenge. This project aims to create a new stability analysis CAD program that tackles this chal- lenge. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) pole-zero identification analysis is introduced on the program as a way to create new methods to automate the stability analysis process and to help designers comprehend the obtained results and prevent incorrect interpretations. The MIMO nature of the analysis contributes to eliminate possible controllability and observability losses and helps differentiate mathematical and physical quasi-cancellations, products of overmodeling. The created program reads Single Input Single Output (SISO) or MIMO frequency response data, and determines the corresponding continuous transfer functions with Vector Fitting. Once the transfer function is calculated, the corresponding pole/zero diagram is mapped enabling the designers to analyze the stability of an amplifier. Three data processing methods are introduced, two of which consist of pole/zero elimina- tions and the latter one on determining the critical nodes of an amplifier. The first pole/zero elimination method is based on eliminating non resonant poles, whilst the second method eliminates the poles with small residue by assuming that their effect on the dynamics of a system is small or non-existent. The critical node detection is also based on the residues; the node at which the effect of a pole on the dynamics is highest is defined as the critical node. In order to evaluate and check the efficiency of the created program, it is compared via examples with another existing commercial stability analysis tool (STAN tool). In this report, the newly created tool is proved to be as rigorous as STAN for detecting instabilities. Additionally, it is determined that the MIMO analysis is a very profitable addition to stability analysis, since it helps to eliminate possible problems of loss of controllability, observability and overmodeling.

A Reliable Method for Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

nterruptions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compromise defibrillation success. However, CPR must be interrupted to analyze the rhythm because although current methods for rhythm analysis during CPR have high sensitivity for shockable rhythms, the specificity for nonshockable rhythms is still too low. This paper introduces a new approach to rhythm analysis during CPR that combines two strategies: a state-of-the-art CPR artifact suppression filter and a shock advice algorithm (SAA) designed to optimally classify the filtered signal. Emphasis is on designing an algorithm with high specificity. The SAA includes a detector for low electrical activity rhythms to increase the specificity, and a shock/no-shock decision algorithm based on a support vector machine classifier using slope and frequency features. For this study, 1185 shockable and 6482 nonshockable 9-s segments corrupted by CPR artifacts were obtained from 247 patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The segments were split into a training and a test set. For the test set, the sensitivity and specificity for rhythm analysis during CPR were 91.0% and 96.6%, respectively. This new approach shows an important increase in specificity without compromising the sensitivity when compared to previous studies.