Botnet-en azterketa eta analisia

Egun sare informatikoak ezinbesteko tresna bilakatu dira eguneroko eginkizun askotarako. Horren ondorioz, mota guztietako informazio mordoa garraiatzen da sarean barna. Sarearen erabilerak hainbat abantaila ekarri ditu, baina baita arriskuak ere. Sareko informazio horri guztiari etekina atera nahian zenbait informazio lapur eta zibergaizkilek tresnak garatzen dituzte etengabe. Arazo horri aurre egiteko babes mekanismo ugari garatu dituzte segurtasun aditu eta eragileek. Baina era berean, mekanismo horiek gainditzeko erasoak automatizatzeko eta indartzeko gai diren tresnak berriak agertu dira. Azken hauen artean kokatzen dira botnet-ak, gaur egungo mehatxu handienetako bat segurtasun aditu askoren iritziz. Botnetak kontroladore baten edo batzuen agindupean egon daitezkeen makina multzoak dira. Makina horiek, bot edo zombie izenez ezagunak, ezkutuan martxan dagoen software bati esker kontrolatu ohi dira. Jatorrian bot-en mekanismoa atazak automatizatzeko erabiltzen bazen ere, gaur egun ezaugarri hori aprobetxatuz erasoak eta beste motako ekintza ez-zilegi batzuk egiteko erabiltzen dira. Botneten tamaina milaka makinakoa izatera irits daiteke. Horri esker egin ditzaketen erasoen ahalmena handitu egiten da eta, ondorioz, etekin handiagoa ateratzeko aukerak handitzen dira ere. Beste ezaugarri nagusienetako bat malwareren bati esker kontrolpean dauden makinen jabeak ohartu gabe funtzionatzea da. Azken urteotan botneten hazkundea nabarmena izan da eta izugarrizko mehatxua bilakatu dira sarearen funtzionamendurako eta sareko sistemen segurtasunerako. Horrek motibatuta garatu da proiektu hau. Funtsean botnetak zer diren, hauen bilakaera eta nola funtzionatzen duten azaldu nahi da. Segurtasun neurri batzuk ere aztertzen dira. Azkenik, azterketa praktikoa ere lantzen da, Zeus eta Flu izeneko botnetak modu lokalean probatuz.

Visual SLAM using straight lines

The present thesis is focuses on the problem of Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) using only visual data (VSLAM). This means to concurrently estimate the position of a moving camera and to create a consistent map of the environment. Since implementing a whole VSLAM system is out of the scope of a degree thesis, the main aim is to improve an existing visual SLAM system by complementing the commonly used point features with straight line primitives. This enables more accurate localization in environments with few feature points, like corridors. As a foundation for the project, ScaViSLAM by Strasdat et al. is used, which is a state-of-the-art real-time visual SLAM framework. Since it currently only supports Stereo and RGB-D systems, implementing a Monocular approach will be researched as well as an integration of it as a ROS package in order to deploy it on a mobile robot. For the experimental results, the Care-O-bot service robot developed by Fraunhofer IPA will be used.

Research on operating conditions at the catalytic reactor for the combined removal of NOx and PCDD/PCDFs from MWI plants

The management of municipal solid waste (MSW), particularly the role of incineration, is currently a subject of public debate. Incineration shows to be a good alternative of reducing the volume of waste and eliminating certain infectious components. Moreover, Municipal Waste Incinerators (MWI), are reported to be highly hygienic and apart from that MWIs are immediately effective in terms of transport (incinerators can be built close to the waste sources) and incineration's nature. Nevertheless, the emissions of many hazardous substances make the Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) plants to be unpopular. Metals (especially lead, manganese, cadmium, chromium and mercury) are concentrated in fly and bottom ashes. Furthermore, incomplete combustion produces a wide variety of potentially hazardous organic compounds, such as aldehydes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), chlorinated hydrocarbons including polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF), and even acid gases, including NOx. Many of these hazardous substances are carcinogenic and some have direct systemic toxicity.