ELEBIDUN : un projet de recherche sur l’apprentissage bilingue basque-français

[FR] Depuis plusieurs décennies, il existe une offre de scolarisation en langue basque dans les établissements scolaires du Pays basque nord (Pyrénées Atlantiques). Les élèves qui suivent une scolarité bilingue sont inscrits soit dans un établissement qui pratique la méthode dite immersive (Ikastolak de Seaska) soit dans un modèle à parité horaire dans un établissement public ou privé1. Ainsi, il est possible pour un élève de mener l’apprentissage de la langue basque en parallèle avec celui du français depuis l’école primaire jusqu’au lycée. Cette offre de scolarisation est en développement constant (38 ouvertures sur les 6 dernières années scolaires) et elle concerne aujourd’hui plus d’une école sur deux (58 %), 34 % des élèves du primaire et 43 % des enfants en maternelle.

Sasiola vs. Lazarraga : Acerca del euskera del texto de Estibaliz Sasiola

[ES] En este artículo hago un estudio lingüístico del habla que presenta el texto que llamaré « de Estibaliz Sasiola », escrito probablemente a fines del siglo XVI. Estibaliz de Sasiola parece ser la autora o recopiladora de un texto breve, escrito en verso, que se encuentra hacia el final del manuscrito de Joan Perez de Lazarraga. En el estudio del texto que nos ocupa comparo el euskera que pudiéramos atribuir a Sasiola con el de la parte más importante del manuscrito, que identificaríamos con el habla de Lazarraga. De la comparación de un buen número de características en los dos textos, llego a la conclusión de que el euskera del texto de Sasiola es significativamente distinto del habla de la mayor parte del manuscrito de Lazarraga. En el epílogo a este artículo hago una breve reflexión sobre el posible origen del euskera del texto de Sasiola. Una primera respuesta defendería que ese texto pudiera provenir de otra zona de Álava distinta a la de Lazarraga ; seguramente de más al este. Sin embargo, creo que hay varios tipos de evidencia para primar la hipótesis de que tanto Estibaliz Sasiola como el texto que nos ocupa fueran originarios de la Gipuzkoa noroccidental, seguramente de la zona de Deba.

Hutsune bizkarroiak eta sasi-A’-kateak

Gehienetan arrunt bereizirik aztertzen diren bi espresio isil, argumentu isilak eta nz-mugimenduaren aztarnak (hots, kopia isilduak), modu bateratuan aztertzearen alde egiten dut lan honetan. Horretarako, bi kategoria hauen ezaugarriak batzen dituen fenomenoa aztertzen dut : hutsune bizkarroiak.Hutsune bizkarroien ezaugarri sintaktikoetatik hasirik, eta euskararen ikuspegitik begiraturik, kategoria isil hau berez izenordaina den baina nz-kopia moduan ezabatzen den osagai sintaktikoa dela proposatzen dut. Hau da, eratorpena argumentu soil izaerarekin hasten du, baina FFn kopia ezabaketarako baldintzak betetzen dituenez, hala bailitzan ezabatzen da. Horrek esplikatzen du zergatik batzen dituen izenordainen eta aldagaien ezaugarriak.Analisi honetan, izenordainak argumentu gisa ala nz-kopia gisa isil daitezen, ’berdintasun’ baldintza bakarraren mende dira. Horrek argumentu isiltze eta nz-mugimendu fenomenoaren elkargune bat existitzen dela erakusten duen heinean, funtsean fenomeno bakarraren bi aurpegi besterik ez direla iradokitzen dut. Bigarren atalak artikuluaren oinarrizko problematika azaltzen du : argumentu isilak eta nz-mugimendua Forma Fonetikoko (FF) isiltze batean oinarritzen baldin badira, orduan biak modu bateratuan aztertzea – funtsean, fenomeno bakarrera murriztea – desiragarria da kontzeptualki, eta izaera hibridoa duten hutsune bizkarroiek lagundu gaitzakete bide horretan. Hirugarren atalak hutsune bizkarroien fenomenoa aurkezten du xeheki : ezaugarri nagusiak eta literaturan proposatu izan diren azterbideak. Laugarren atalak, ondotik, euskararen ikuspegitik behatzen dio fenomeno sintaktiko honi : kategoria isil hau ikusezina dela erakutsiko dut, hizkuntza honetan argumentu isilek duten hedadura dela-eta. Bosgarren atalean, azkenik, lortu emaitzetatik abiaturik, hutsune bizkarroien analisi berri baten oinarriak garatzen ditut, A’-kateetan FFko ezabaketarako baldintza (disjuntibo) bat baino gehiago badela proposatuz. Horrek argumentu isilen eta nz-aztarnen analisi bateratuaren alde egiten duela erakusten dut. Seigarren atalak lanaren ondorioak laburbiltzen ditu.

Los inicios de la vascología en Holanda: El Essai de grammaire de la langue basque de Willem J. van Eys (1865, 1867)

Ed. by Xabier Artiagoitia, Patxi Goenaga & Joseba A. Lakarra.

Linguistic Polarization and Conflict in the Basque Country

This paper investigates the relationship between linguistic polarization and conflict in the Basque Country. During the 40 years of Franco’s dictatorship the use of the Basque language was banned. Therefore, there may be some linguistic roots underlying the conflict in the Basque Country. We show that at the municipality level, linguistic polarization reduces the level of conflict. This finding is robust to various ways of measuring linguistic and ideological polarization and the inclusion of other covariates. In addition, we find that a high level of the stock of human capital is beneficial for reducing conflict intensity.

Informe titulado "Basque Democracy". Se trata de un ensayo sobre la historia vasca.

Fecha: s.f. (>1970 copia) / Unidad de instalación: Carpeta 45 - Expediente 2-30 / Nº de pág.: 36 (mecanografiadas)

Shell midden people in northern Iberia. New data from the mesolithic rock shelter of J3 (Basque Country, Spain)

[EN]In the course of a sondage dug in the rock shelter of J3, in the Jaizkibel mountains (at the north-western tip of Guipúzcoa), the body of a adult man was located buried inside a shell midden. This shell midden had not been disturbed and presented internal stratigraphy features. In any case, the outer edge of the shell midden does show some interesting interdigitation with the adjacent habitational layers, with evidence of different stages of occupation. Within the shell midden itself, under the individual buried there, it was possible to observe layers without any ceramics, whereas the layers covering said individual included ceramic fragments. This individual has been dated to 8,300 BP and therefore corresponds to a Mesolithic context.

An Analysis of English, Spanish and Basque Demonstratives in Narrative: a Matter of Viewpoint

[EN]This paper undertakes the study of the occurrence of non-corresponding demonstrative forms in Spanish, Basque and English in exactly the same linguistic context. It is proposed that the differenccs in the choice of the demonstratives result from the differences in the kind of iniormation that must be coded in each of the languages. Thus, I will argue that in Spanish and Basque the obligatory coding of the aspectual categories of the imperfect and the preterit has the function of imposing specific viewing arrangements onto the situations they designate. By contrast, in English, where the aspectual distinction is not overtly coded, the demonstrativcs are proposed to fulfil this function.

Hacia una edición crítica del manuscrito Lazarraga

Presentado en las Jornadas Euskal testuen edizioa: gaurko ikuspegiak eta etorkizuneko ikuspegiak = Edición de textos vascos: perspectivas actuales, perspectivas futuras (Bilbo, 2008.11.11-12)

Keys to success in an example of inter-competitor cooperation: The case of the "Big Seven" basque chefs

The case of the top chefs relates the two areas that are apparently most distant, nutrition and health technology. It is the element that binds[3] the four, making them into a single whole. The results achieved by our chefs, in terms of their individual and collective success and their international projection of the image of the Basque Country comprise a goal to which other industries in the region should aspire. It is therefore our plan to apply the keys to this successful inter-competitor cooperation to development of the health technology industry. At the same time, we want to fulfil one of the aims that have been established for the food area: to make use of the country’s gastronomy-related assets.

Amatasunaren gaineko diskurtsoak euskal eleberrigintza garaikidean

[EUS] Artikulu honetan, bi alde aski diferenteak aztertu nahiko genituzke amatasunaren inguruko diskurtsoetan. Batetik, lehen partean, datu soziologikoak eskuan, aztertu nahi ditugu, 1979-2009 bitartean, amatasunak izan dituen gorabeherak. Beraz, datu soziologikoak buruan, literatur testuak aztertu ditugu bigarren atalean. Artikulu hau garatzeko orduan, protagonista ugalkortasun garaian dauden emakumeak dituzten literatur lanen hautua eginda batik bat.

Guided pollards in the Basque Country (Spain) during the Early Modern Ages

Publicado en: "End of Tradition?.Part 1 : History of Commons and Commons Management (Cultural Severance and Commons Past)", edited by Ian D. Rotherham, Mauro Agnoletti and Christine Handley

A methodology for the semiautomatic annotation of EPEC-RolSem, a basque corpus labeled at predicative level following the PropBank-Verb Net model

In this article we describe the methodology developed for the semiautomatic annotation of EPEC-RolSem, a Basque corpus labeled at predicate level following the PropBank-VerbNet model. The methodology presented is the product of detailed theoretical study of the semantic nature of verbs in Basque and of their similarities and differences with verbs in other languages. As part of the proposed methodology, we are creating a Basque lexicon on the PropBank-VerbNet model that we have named the Basque Verb Index (BVI). Our work thus dovetails the general trend toward building lexicons from tagged corpora that is clear in work conducted for other languages. EPEC-RolSem and BVI are two important resources for the computational semantic processing of Basque; as far as the authors are aware, they are also the first resources of their kind developed for Basque. In addition, each entry in BVI is linked to the corresponding verb-entry in well-known resources like PropBank, VerbNet, WordNet, Levin’s Classification and FrameNet. We have also implemented several automatic processes to aid in creating and annotating the BVI, including processes designed to facilitate the task of manual annotation.

Ahozkotasunaren irakaskuntza bigarren hezkuntzako testuliburuetan

[EN]Traditionally writing skills have been given priority in language teaching and so, oral skills have been put aside. However, during the last years many voices have asserted the importance of oral skills. Therefore, they claim that oral language teaching must be emphasized at school. Also, the necessity of strengthening oral language is shown in the new curriculum. Nevertheless, those intentions are reflected in very different ways in textbooks. In this work we have looked into the treatment that oral language is given in teaching materials because, in our opinion, textbooks are one of the most important tools for teachers. The facts show that the importance given to oral language and the exercises and tools needed to work that skill are very different from one publishing house to another. Besides, we have confirmed that all the textbooks don’t satisfy the requirements proposed in the Basque official curriculum (e.g. didactic sequences) or that the approach to the text or the way to work with it are not always what they should be. Therefore, it is obvious that we have still a long way in the field of oral language and specially in the way of teaching oral skills