La pobreza laboral

11p. -- [Nota: Variante del título de la publicación: Boletín electrónico de Hegoa]

The effect of flexibility in working hours on fertility: A comparative analysis of selected european countries

The main aim of this paper is to measure the extent to which part-time work enhances fertility for married or cohabiting women of fertile age. The study covers eleven European countries. The data used are a pool sample of five waves of the European Community Household Panel. Given that we believe that the decisions concerning fertility and labor market status are taken jointly, we carry out a simultaneous estimation approach. Results suggest that policy makers wishing to implement adequate part-time schedules so as to enhance fertility should look at the part-time schedules available in Belgium, Ireland and The Netherlands, which enhance fertility for women who take advantage of this flexibility measure so as to reconcile family and work.

Genero eta nazio identitateak Katalina Eleizegiren antzezlanetan

383 p. ; P.315-383: "Erauso Kateriñe" antzezlanaren edizioa dago.

Birth Weight, Working Memory and Epigenetic Signatures in IGF2 and Related Genes: A MZ Twin Study

Neurodevelopmental disruptions caused by obstetric complications play a role in the etiology of several phenotypes associated with neuropsychiatric diseases and cognitive dysfunctions. Importantly, it has been noticed that epigenetic processes occurring early in life may mediate these associations. Here, DNA methylation signatures at IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and IGF2BP1-3 (IGF2-binding proteins 1-3) were examined in a sample consisting of 34 adult monozygotic (MZ) twins informative for obstetric complications and cognitive performance. Multivariate linear regression analysis of twin data was implemented to test for associations between methylation levels and both birth weight (BW) and adult working memory (WM) performance. Familial and unique environmental factors underlying these potential relationships were evaluated. A link was detected between DNA methylation levels of two CpG sites in the IGF2BP1 gene and both BW and adult WM performance. The BW-IGF2BP1 methylation association seemed due to non-shared environmental factors influencing BW, whereas the WM-IGF2BP1 methylation relationship seemed mediated by both genes and environment. Our data is in agreement with previous evidence indicating that DNA methylation status may be related to prenatal stress and later neurocognitive phenotypes. While former reports independently detected associations between DNA methylation and either BW or WM, current results suggest that these relationships are not confounded by each other.

Precariedad laboral en Europa

[ES] Tras una primera visión del concepto de precariedad y acotación del término en el ámbito europeo, este trabajo trata, por un lado, de exponer los factores y el marco social en el que se crea dicha precariedad laboral y, por otro lado, de analizar mediante diversos indicadores de calidad del empleo la incidencia en el caso de la Unión Europea y España. Se exponen la flexibilidad laboral y otros cambios empresariales, reformas legales o transformaciones en el contexto del mercado del trabajo como causantes del aumento de empleos atípicos, los cuales tiendes a ser de peor calidad. En cuanto a los indicadores de calidad utilizados destacan las tasas de actividad, la temporalidad, la estructura de la renta y el salario mínimo, el porcentaje del trabajo a tiempo parcial con respecto al total o las malas condiciones de trabajo, entre otros. Además se hace referencia a la crisis comenzada en 2007 y al efecto agravatorio de esta en la situación, especialmente en el caso de los jóvenes. Por último, se mencionan ciertas propuestas y políticas laborales.