6 resultados para RAT VAS-DEFERENS
Resumo:
El trabajo estudia el efecto sobre el desempeño innovador de diferentes vías para el desarrollo de actividades de innovación. El estudio empírico utiliza la Encuesta sobre Innovación Tecnológica de las Empresas para el año 2007. Los resultados sugieren que la utilización de una única vía, ya sea interna o externa, tiene un efecto mayoritariamente negativo sobre el desempeño innovador y que los mejores resultados parecen obtenerse de la combinación de todas las vías. Finalmente, las vías cuyo efecto sobre el desempeño parece más independiente de la medida de rendimiento utilizada son interna&externa, sólo externa e interna&externa&cooperación.
Resumo:
Background/Aims: In diabetic ventricular myocytes, transient outward potassium current (I-to) amplitude is severely reduced because of the impaired catecholamine release that characterizes diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Sympathetic nervous system exhibits a trophic effect on I-to since incubation of myocytes with noradrenaline restores current amplitude via beta-adrenoceptor (beta AR) stimulation. Here, we investigate the intracellular signalling pathway though which incubation of diabetic cardiomyocytes with the beta AR agonist isoproterenol recovers I-to amplitude to normal values. Methods: Experiments were performed in ventricular myocytes isolated from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. I-to current was recorded by using the patch-clamp technique. Kv4 channel expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Protein-protein interaction was determined by coimmunoprecipitation. Results: Stimulation of beta AR activates first a G alpha s protein, adenylyl cyclase and Protein Kinase A. PKA-phosphorylated receptor then switches to the G alpha i protein. This leads to the activation of the beta AR-Kinase-1 and further receptor phosphorylation and arrestin dependent internalization. The internalized receptor-arrestin complex recruits and activates cSrc and the MAPK cascade, where Ras, c-Raf1 and finally ERK1/2 mediate the increase in Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 protein abundance in the plasma membrane. Conclusion: beta(2)AR stimulation activates a G alpha s and G alpha i protein dependent pathway where the ERK1/2 modulates the Ito current amplitude and the density of the Kv4.2 and Kv4.2 channels in the plasma membrane upon sympathetic stimulation in diabetic heart.
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pag. var.
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255 p.
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Homenaje a Ignacio Barandiarán Maestu / coord. por Javier Fernández Eraso, Juan Santos Yanguas