1 resultado para Middle Ages
Filtro por publicador
- Academic Archive On-line (Stockholm University; Sweden) (1)
- Acceda, el repositorio institucional de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España (2)
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (20)
- AMS Tesi di Laurea - Alm@DL - Università di Bologna (2)
- Andina Digital - Repositorio UASB-Digital - Universidade Andina Simón Bolívar (1)
- ArchiMeD - Elektronische Publikationen der Universität Mainz - Alemanha (4)
- Archivo Digital para la Docencia y la Investigación - Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad del País Vasco (1)
- Aston University Research Archive (3)
- B-Digital - Universidade Fernando Pessoa - Portugal (1)
- Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP (1)
- Biblioteca Digital | Sistema Integrado de Documentación | UNCuyo - UNCUYO. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CUYO. (8)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (1)
- Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual da Universidade de São Paulo (BDPI/USP) (19)
- Biblioteca Virtual del Sistema Sanitario Público de Andalucía (BV-SSPA), Junta de Andalucía. Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social, Spain (3)
- Biodiversity Heritage Library, United States (16)
- BORIS: Bern Open Repository and Information System - Berna - Suiça (44)
- Brock University, Canada (1)
- Bucknell University Digital Commons - Pensilvania - USA (1)
- CentAUR: Central Archive University of Reading - UK (46)
- Central European University - Research Support Scheme (2)
- CiencIPCA - Instituto Politécnico do Cávado e do Ave, Portugal (1)
- Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), Spain (45)
- CORA - Cork Open Research Archive - University College Cork - Ireland (1)
- Corvinus Research Archive - The institutional repository for the Corvinus University of Budapest (4)
- Digital Commons @ Winthrop University (1)
- Digital Commons at Florida International University (1)
- DigitalCommons - The University of Maine Research (1)
- Digitale Sammlungen - Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main (4)
- Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland (27)
- FUNDAJ - Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (1)
- Georgian Library Association, Georgia (1)
- Helvia: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Córdoba (9)
- Institute of Public Health in Ireland, Ireland (6)
- Institutional Repository of Leibniz University Hannover (1)
- Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal (7)
- Iowa Publications Online (IPO) - State Library, State of Iowa (Iowa), United States (3)
- Memoria Académica - FaHCE, UNLP - Argentina (58)
- Ministerio de Cultura, Spain (1)
- Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha (21)
- Portal do Conhecimento - Ministerio do Ensino Superior Ciencia e Inovacao, Cape Verde (1)
- Publishing Network for Geoscientific & Environmental Data (41)
- QUB Research Portal - Research Directory and Institutional Repository for Queen's University Belfast (2)
- ReCiL - Repositório Científico Lusófona - Grupo Lusófona, Portugal (3)
- Repositorio Académico de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica (2)
- Repositório Científico da Universidade de Évora - Portugal (1)
- Repositório da Produção Científica e Intelectual da Unicamp (5)
- Repositório da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Brazil (1)
- Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV (1)
- Repositório do Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE - Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Portugal (1)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de La Laguna (1)
- Repositório Institucional UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (30)
- RUN (Repositório da Universidade Nova de Lisboa) - FCT (Faculdade de Cienecias e Technologia), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Portugal (26)
- Scielo Saúde Pública - SP (49)
- Scientific Open-access Literature Archive and Repository (1)
- Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE) (SIRE), United Kingdom (2)
- Universidad de Alicante (7)
- Universidad del Rosario, Colombia (2)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (8)
- Universidade Complutense de Madrid (2)
- Universidade de Lisboa - Repositório Aberto (2)
- Universidade do Minho (8)
- Universidade Federal do Pará (1)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) (1)
- Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (5)
- Universitat de Girona, Spain (5)
- Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany (3)
- Université de Lausanne, Switzerland (169)
- Université de Montréal (1)
- Université de Montréal, Canada (28)
- Université Laval Mémoires et thèses électroniques (1)
- University of Michigan (168)
- University of Queensland eSpace - Australia (42)
- University of Washington (1)
Resumo:
No doubt shall be placed when qualifying torture as one of the cruellest crime offences against human beings. It is widely known that the first torture practices go back to the Middle Ages, where torture mechanisms and devices were used as a legitimate means of punishment, extraction of confessions or executions. Brutal techniques such as ‘Judas Cradle’, ‘The Rack’ or the ‘Rat Torture’ were indeed, the ones commonly used. Moreover, some centuries onwards, torture warrants were permitted and authorised by Privy Councils in legislations such as the English one. However, examples like that were the only ones which public accountability was given to, whereas off-the-book practices remained in silence in other countries for long lasting years. Nowadays, in the 21st century, there are innumerable enforced laws and provisions that prohibit the act of torture, to be precise, physical and psychological torture. Nonetheless, not only are these legislations necessary for fighting torture, but also ad hoc courts and specialised committees continuously report the existence of this crime offence.