Traducciones de teatro inglés en la colección "Teatro selecto, antiguo y modeno, nacional y extranjero (1866-1869)"

Santamaría, José Miguel; Pajares, Eterio; Olsen, Vickie; Merino, Raquel; Eguíluz, Federico (eds.)

Behavioral profile of adults with Prader-Willi syndrome : correlations with individual and environmental variables

Background: Maladaptive behavior has been reported as a phenotypical feature in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). It severely limits social adaptation and the quality of life of children and adults with the syndrome. Different factors have been linked with the intensity and form of these behavioral disturbances but there is no consensus about the cause. Consequently, there is still controversy regarding management strategies and there is a need for new data. Methods: The behavior of 100 adults with PWS attending a dedicated center was assessed using the Developmental Behavior Checklist for Adults (DBC-A) and the PWS-specific Hyperphagia Questionnaire. The DBC-A was completed separately by trained caregivers at the center and relatives or caregivers in a natural setting. Genotype, gender, age, degree of obesity and cognitive impairment were analyzed as variables with a hypothetical influence on behavioral features. Results: Patients showed a relatively high rate of behavioral disturbances other than hyperphagia. Disruptive and social relating were the highest scoring DBC-A subscales whereas anxiety/antisocial and self-absorbed were the lowest. When hospital caregiver and natural caregiver scores were compared, scores for the latter were higher for all subscales except for disruptive and anxiety/antisocial. These effects of institutional management were underlined. In the DBC-A, 22 items have descriptive indications of PWS behavior and were used for further comparisons and correlation analysis. In contrast to previous reports, rates of disturbed behavior were lower in patients with a deletion genotype. However, the behavioral profile was similar for both genotypes. No differences were found in any measurement when comparing type I and type II deletions. The other analyzed variables showed little relevance. Conclusions: Significant rates of behavioral disorders were highlighted and their typology described in a large cohort of adults with PWS. The deletion genotype was related to a lower severity of symptoms. Some major behavioral problems, such as hyperphagia, may be well controlled if living circumstances are adapted to the specific requirements of individuals with PWS.

Metaphysics in the Work of Charles Darwin

It is not hard to see how two visions of nature are intertwined in Darwin’s Journal of Researches: one vision, the province of romantic authors depicting the sentiments awakened by certain landscapes, the other, the domain of natural scientists describing the world without reference to the aesthetic qualities of the scenery. Nevertheless, analyses of this double perspective in Darwin’s work are relatively rare. Most scholars focus on Darwin, the scientist, and more or less ignore the aesthetic aspects of his work. Perceiving the gradual transformation of Darwin’s world view, however, depends on analyzing the two different modes in which Darwin approached and perceived the world. While one can, on occasion, find commentaries on the beauty of the natural world in Darwin’s early work, the passage of time produces a modification in the naturalist’s manner of perceiving nature. This does not, however, mean that Darwin ceases to find beauty in nature; on the contrary, the disenchantment, in Max Weber’s words, that Darwin’s theory produces should not be understood in a pejorative, but rather in a literal sense. The theory of evolution, in effect, divests nature of its magical character and begins to explain it in terms of natural selection, according it, in the process a new and more intense attraction. In the present work, the metaphysical implications of this new vision of the world are analyzed through the eyes of its discoverer.

Dieta de la nutria (Lutra lutra) en un tramo fluvial : variación estacional.

Se estudió la dieta de la nutria (Lutra lutra Linnaeus 1758) mediante análisis de restos fecales, en un tramo del río Nela (Burgos), un afluente del Ebro, durante tres distintas épocas de un año (Octubre, Diciembre y Abril). La presencia de cada presa se expresó en porcentaje de peso seco con respecto al total. Se comprobó que la dieta de la nutria se compone principalmente de cangrejo señal Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, 1852 (88,99 ± 21,52%), seguida por peces (8,23 ± 21,15%), siendo las demás presas (insectos, anfibios, moluscos y materia vegetal) poco importantes, por lo que la mayor parte de la investigación se centró en estos dos tipos de presas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la composición de la dieta en octubre (Cangrejo: 97,2 ± 3,72%; Pez: 0,94 ± 2,88%), diciembre (Cangrejo: 67,68 ± 32,13%; Pez: 27,03 ± 33,77%) y abril (Cangrejo: 97,25 ± 3,62%; Pez: 1,06 ± 1,38%), siendo diciembre la época en la que mayor diversidad presentó su dieta. Las estimaciones de número de cangrejos ingeridos fueron apoyadas por un análisis de las piezas reconocibles de los mismos, para estimar el número mínimo de individuos presentes en un excremento. Por otro lado, se estimaron, a partir de medidas de arcos faríngeos, cleitros y opérculos encontrados en los excrementos, la longitud y el peso estimados de los peces que componían su dieta, como Parachondrostoma miegii (Steindachner, 1866), Gobio gobio Linnaeus, 1758 y Luciobarbus graellsii (Steindachner, 1866), Phoxinus phoxinus Linnaeus, 1758 y Alburnus alburnus Linnaeus, 1758, siendo estos dos últimos las especies dominantes en las muestras de peces (P. phoxinus: 52,3%, N= 45; A. alburnus: 32,5%).