Revision bibliográfica. Cuidados del catéter periférico

[ES]Los cateterismos venosos periféricos son los dispositivos que con mayor frecuencia se emplean en el acceso vascular para pacientes que se encuentran ingresados en unidades hospitalarias. Estos catéteres son reemplazados sistemáticamente cada tres o cuatro días para tratar de prevenir la flebitis como refleja la guía de Center for Disease control and prevention (CDC) y por extensión, nuestro sistema de salud de Osakidetza. Sin embargo, la evidencia que apoya esta práctica no está del todo cimentada.El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es evaluar la efectividad de esta práctica clínica tan integrada en la vida diaria de los profesionales de enfermería mediante la evaluación de la evidencia científica existente hasta el momento.Se realizo una búsqueda exhaustiva en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas desde Octubre de 2012 hasta Abril del año 2013. Se descargaron los textos completos de aquellos artículos que pudiesen ser potencialmente útiles en el estudio y se analizaron bajo los criterios de inclusión y selección. Los siete artículos seleccionados como válidos no demuestran que sea necesario sustituir de forma sistemática el catéter venoso periférico así como lo defiende la CDC. Debido a ello, se podría abolir esta práctica clínica que reduciría significativamente el dolor y las molestias que sufren los pacientes día a día, el tiempo que el personal de enfermería dedica en este tipo de prácticas, además de todo el coste sanitario que ello con lleva.

Un modelo de programación por metas para la elaboración del contrato-programa de un hospital público

[ES] Proponemos un modelo de programación por metas para la estimación del plan de producción (case-mix) que debe reflejarse en el Contrato–Programa que suscriben anualmente los Hospitales Públicos y la Administración. Las variables de decisión son los volúmenes de actividad de cada servicio médico del hospital y los atributos son los indicadores básicos que se manejan al elaborar el Contrato-Programa: fi nanciación, número de altas, estancia media y peso de complejidad. Para resolver nuestro modelo empleamos la herramienta SOLVER de la hoja de cálculo EXCEL. La utilización de esta herramienta permite simular varios escenarios de una manera ágil, lo que es de gran ayuda para el estudio y discusión de las cantidades a contratar entre el Hospital y la Administración. El artículo finaliza con una breve presentación de los resultados obtenidos al aplicar nuestro modelo a un hospital de tamaño medio (118 camas) del Servicio Vasco de Salud.

Las aportaciones del Condado de Treviño a las instituciones de Vitoria en la Edad Moderna: La Colegial de Santa María y el Hospital de Santiago

Ponencia presentada en I Congreso de Estudios Históricos del Condado de Treviño: 850 aniversario de la fundación de la Villa de Treviño, celebrado los días 1,2 y 3 de junio de 2011 en Treviño (Condado de Treviño)

Process management in healthcare.Sant Camil Hospital case study

Nowadays due to the crisis, some government measures are aimed at reducing healthcare spending, affecting in some level or another the quality offered. Process management is said to be a useful tool for reducing healthcare costs by improving management without any additional economic investment. That is doing more with the same resources and without reducing the quality offered. In this study an empirical case of a Catalan hospital is presented. Overall, the usefulness of process management in the healthcare sector is shown and some tips are provided for those managers that want to implement this management system in their hospitals. This work is also interesting for those managers responsible for the National Healthcare System due to a big question is stated: what would happen if process management was implemented in the whole healthcare system?

ICGE: an R package for detecting relevant clusters and atypical units in gene expression

Background: Gene expression technologies have opened up new ways to diagnose and treat cancer and other diseases. Clustering algorithms are a useful approach with which to analyze genome expression data. They attempt to partition the genes into groups exhibiting similar patterns of variation in expression level. An important problem associated with gene classification is to discern whether the clustering process can find a relevant partition as well as the identification of new genes classes. There are two key aspects to classification: the estimation of the number of clusters, and the decision as to whether a new unit (gene, tumor sample ... ) belongs to one of these previously identified clusters or to a new group. Results: ICGE is a user-friendly R package which provides many functions related to this problem: identify the number of clusters using mixed variables, usually found by applied biomedical researchers; detect whether the data have a cluster structure; identify whether a new unit belongs to one of the pre-identified clusters or to a novel group, and classify new units into the corresponding cluster. The functions in the ICGE package are accompanied by help files and easy examples to facilitate its use. Conclusions: We demonstrate the utility of ICGE by analyzing simulated and real data sets. The results show that ICGE could be very useful to a broad research community.

Aporte adicional de energía renovable geotérmica a instalación con cogeneración en hospital existente.

[ES]Este proyecto tiene como objetivo apoyar a la generación de energía por cogeneración mediante una fuente de energía renovable. Se pretende plantear una solución que satisfaga parte de las necesidades básicas del Hospital Universitario de Álava, en su sede del Hospital de Santiago, de una forma económicamente rentable. Este proyecto se enmarca dentro de los esfuerzos en la promoción de energías renovables que comenzaron con el protocolo Kioto, al que le siguieron los objetivos Europa 20/20/20. Se realizará un acercamiento a la utilización de la energía renovable geotérmica como fuente de energía que disminuye el impacto ambiental. El edificio hospitalario considerado ya cuenta con un sistema de generación energética con cogeneración, considerada dentro del régimen especial, por la utilización de energía residual para procesos que de otra manera hubieran requerido consumo de combustible. Se plantearán diferentes alternativas para la generación de energía térmica con geotermia, que al ser de origen renovable, es una fuente de energía de combustibles no fósiles, y se demostraran sus beneficios analizando cómo mejora la huella de carbono del hospital con la propuesta. Finalmente, para valorar si se trata de un proyecto viable se planteará el estudio económico analizando el presupuesto y análisis de rentabilidad.

Carbapenem-resistant and carbapenem-susceptible isogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 causing infection in a tertiary hospital

Background: In this study we describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of an outbreak due to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) producing CTX-M-15 and OXA-48 carbapenemase. Isogenic strains, carbapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae (CS-KP) producing CTX-M-15, were also involved in the outbreak. Results: From October 2010 to December 2012 a total of 62 CR-KP and 23 CS-KP were isolated from clinical samples of 42 patients (22 had resistant isolates, 14 had susceptible isolates, and 6 had both CR and CS isolates). All patients had underlying diseases and 17 of them (14 patients with CR-KP and 3 with CS-KP) had received carbapenems previously. The range of carbapenem MICs for total isolates were: imipenem: 2 to >32 mu g/ml vs. <2 mu g/ml; meropenem: 4 to >32 mu g/ml vs. <2 mu g/ml; and ertapenem: 8 to >32 mu g/ml vs. <2 mu g/ml. All the isolates were also resistant to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole. Both types of isolates shared a common PFGE pattern associated with the multilocus sequence type 101 (ST101). The bla(CTX-M-15) gene was detected in all the isolates, whereas the bla(OXA-48) gene was only detected in CR-KP isolates on a 70 kb plasmid. Conclusions: The clonal spread of K. pneumoniae ST101 expressing the OXA-48 and CTX-M-15 beta-lactamases was the cause of an outbreak of CR-KP infections. CTX-M-15-producing isolates lacking the blaOXA-48 gene coexisted during the outbreak.

Predictive score for mortality in patients with COPD exacerbations attending hospital emergency departments

Background: Limited information is available about predictors of short-term outcomes in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD) attending an emergency department (ED). Such information could help stratify these patients and guide medical decision-making. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction rule for short-term mortality during hospital admission or within a week after the index ED visit. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of patients with eCOPD attending the EDs of 16 participating hospitals. Recruitment started in June 2008 and ended in September 2010. Information on possible predictor variables was recorded during the time the patient was evaluated in the ED, at the time a decision was made to admit the patient to the hospital or discharge home, and during follow-up. Main short-term outcomes were death during hospital admission or within 1 week of discharge to home from the ED, as well as at death within 1 month of the index ED visit. Multivariate logistic regression models were developed in a derivation sample and validated in a validation sample. The score was compared with other published prediction rules for patients with stable COPD. Results: In total, 2,487 patients were included in the study. Predictors of death during hospital admission, or within 1 week of discharge to home from the ED were patient age, baseline dyspnea, previous need for long-term home oxygen therapy or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, altered mental status, and use of inspiratory accessory muscles or paradoxical breathing upon ED arrival (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85). Addition of arterial blood gas parameters (oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures (PO2 and PCO2)) and pH) did not improve the model. The same variables were predictors of death at 1 month (AUC = 0.85). Compared with other commonly used tools for predicting the severity of COPD in stable patients, our rule was significantly better. Conclusions: Five clinical predictors easily available in the ED, and also in the primary care setting, can be used to create a simple and easily obtained score that allows clinicians to stratify patients with eCOPD upon ED arrival and guide the medical decision-making process.