Energy Audit for an Old Industrial Building in Gävle

(English)The Swedish industrial sector has overcome the oil crisis and has maintained the energy use constant even though the production has grown. This has been achieved thanks to the development of several energy policies, by the Swedish government, towards the 2020 goals. This thesis carries on this path and performs an energy audit for an old industrial building in Gävle (Sweden) in order to propose different energy efficiency measures to use less energy while maintaining the thermal comfort. The building is in quite a bad shape and some of the areas are unused making them a waste of money. By means of the invoices provided by different companies, the information from the staff and some measures that have been carried out in-situ, the energy balance has been calculated from where conclusions have been drawn. Although it is an industrial building, the study is not going to be focused in the industrial process but in the building’s envelope and support processes, since the unit combines both production and office areas. Therefore, the energy balance is divided in energy supplies (district heating, free heating and sun irradiation) and energy losses (transmission, ventilation hot tap water and infiltrations). The results show that the most important supply is that of the DH whereas the most important losses are the transmission and infiltration. Thus, the measures proposed are focused on the reduction of this relevant parameters. The most important measures are the renovation of the windows, heating systems valves and the ventilation. The glazing of the dwelling is old and some of it is broken accounting for quite a large amount of the losses. The radiator valves are not properly working and there does not exist any temperature control. Therefore the installation of thermostatic valves turns out to be a must. Moreover, some part of the building has no mechanical ventilation but conserves the ducts. These could be utilized if they are connected to the workshop’s ventilation which is capable of generating sufficient flow for the entire building. Finally, although other measures could also be carried out, the ones proposed appear to be the essential ones. A further analysis should be carried out in order to analyze the payback time or investment capability of the company so as to decide between one measure or another. A market study for possible new tenants for the unused parts of the building is also advisable.

Impacto económico y social del mundo de la moda

(ESPAÑOL) La moda es un fenómeno social y cultural que genera un elevado interés entre muchos colectivos. Es también un sector económico generador de actividad y empleo, que influye además en otros sectores y es capaz de crear imagen de país. La llegada de internet y la explosión de la conectividad han desencadenado importantes cambios, de los que el sector de la moda no es ajeno. Así, se han generado nuevos modos de visibilidad para la moda, se han creado nuevos perfiles profesionales, y se han desarrollado nuevos modelos de negocio. Los prescriptores y marcadores de tendencias han dejado de estar en manos de las marcas y los grupos editoriales, para pasar a manos de los propios consumidores, que crean tendencias con la exhibición de sus propios looks. Blogs, bloggers y redes sociales, entre las que destaca Instagram, se han convertido en instrumentos imprescindibles en las estrategias de marketing de las empresas del sector, desencadenándose una gran transformación. Este es precisamente el eje central del presente trabajo: el análisis del proceso de evolución del sector de la moda, desde un punto de vista tanto económico como social.