Immigrants Responsiveness to Labor Market Conditions

Using data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey (Encuesta de Población Activa) from 1999 through 2004, we explore the role of regional employment opportunities in explaining the increasing immigrant flows of recent years despite the limited internal mobility on the part of natives. Subsequently, we investigate the policy question of whether immigration has helped reduced unemployment rate disparities across Spanish regions by attracting immigrant flows to regions offering better employment opportunities. Our results indicate that immigrants choose to reside in regions with larger employment rates and where their probability of finding a job is higher. In particular, and despite some differences depending on their origin, immigrants appear generally more responsive than their native counterparts to a higher likelihood of informal, self, or indefinite employment. More importantly, insofar the vast majority of immigrants locate in regions characterized by higher employment rates, immigration contributes to greasing the wheels of the Spanish labor market by narrowing regional unemployment rate disparities.

In Vitro Surfactant and Perfluorocarbon Aerosol Deposition in a Neonatal Physical Model of the Upper Conducting Airways

Objective: Aerosol delivery holds potential to release surfactant or perfluorocarbon (PFC) to the lungs of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome with minimal airway manipulation. Nevertheless, lung deposition in neonates tends to be very low due to extremely low lung volumes, narrow airways and high respiratory rates. In the present study, the feasibility of enhancing lung deposition by intracorporeal delivery of aerosols was investigated using a physical model of neonatal conducting airways. Methods: The main characteristics of the surfactant and PFC aerosols produced by a nebulization system, including the distal air pressure and air flow rate, liquid flow rate and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), were measured at different driving pressures (4-7 bar). Then, a three-dimensional model of the upper conducting airways of a neonate was manufactured by rapid prototyping and a deposition study was conducted. Results: The nebulization system produced relatively large amounts of aerosol ranging between 0.3 +/- 0.0 ml/min for surfactant at a driving pressure of 4 bar, and 2.0 +/- 0.1 ml/min for distilled water (H(2)Od) at 6 bar, with MMADs between 2.61 +/- 0.1 mu m for PFD at 7 bar and 10.18 +/- 0.4 mu m for FC-75 at 6 bar. The deposition study showed that for surfactant and H(2)Od aerosols, the highest percentage of the aerosolized mass (similar to 65%) was collected beyond the third generation of branching in the airway model. The use of this delivery system in combination with continuous positive airway pressure set at 5 cmH(2)O only increased total airway pressure by 1.59 cmH(2)O at the highest driving pressure (7 bar). Conclusion: This aerosol generating system has the potential to deliver relatively large amounts of surfactant and PFC beyond the third generation of branching in a neonatal airway model with minimal alteration of pre-set respiratory support.

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia in 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesioned Rats

14 p.

Divergences in the Long Run Trends in the Price of Energy and of Energy Services

32 p.

Dispositivos suprágloticos: una aproximación a su uso en el ámbito extrahospitalario

[Es]Introducción: El manejo óptimo de la vía aérea extrahospitalaria es todavía incierto. Los dispositivos supraglóticos y la intubación endotraqueal han sido utilizados en los últimos años por los servicios de emergencia, pero no se conoce aún si el uso de los nuevos dispositivos supraglóticos mejora la supervivencia. Objetivo: Determinar la supervivencia a corto plazo (igual o menor a 1 mes) entre los dispositivos supraglóticos y la intubación endotraqueal en la parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos de Cochrane, Pubmed, MEDES, Scopus, CINAHL, Science Direct e IBECS y una búsqueda manual en las revistas Emergencias, Prehospital Emergency Care y Annals Emergency Medicine de estudios comprendidos entre los años 2004- 2014 que comparasen la supervivencia en la parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria del adulto entre los dispositivos supraglóticos y la intubación endotraqueal. Resultados: Se identificaron 9 estudios elegibles: 2 revisiones sistemáticas (una con metaanálisis), 1 ensayo clínico aleatorizado y 6 estudios de cohortes. 6 de los estudios mostraron mejores resultados en la intubación endotraqueal, 2 en los que no hubo diferencias y uno de ellos mostró mejores resultados en los dispositivos supraglóticos. Conclusiones: La intubación endotraqueal proporciona mayor supervivencia que los dispositivos supraglóticos en la parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria en adultos. Los dispositivos supraglóticos deberían utilizarse por parte de personal con poca experiencia en el uso de la intubación endotraqueal o como alternativa a la intubación fallida o con dificultad.