Kooperatiba lehiakorrak: beraien ezaugarri eta portaeraren ikerketa

Kooperatibek gaur egungo merkatu lehiakorrean jarduten dute, beste hainbat entitaterekin batera. Gaur egungo merkatua globala da, eta merkaturen eskakizunetara egokitzea ezinbestekoa da. Merkatu honetan lehiatzerako orduan kooperatiben izaera eta portaera beste enpresekin alderatuz zerk bereizten duen aztertu da lan honetan. Printzipio eta ezaugarri bereizgarri hauek kooperatibek jarraitzen dituzten estrategiatan duten eragina ikusten da, kasu batzuetan oztopo direlarik, eta lehia abantaila beste batzuetan. Kasu praktiko gisa MONDRAGON Korporazioa ikertu da. Korporazioak 2013-2016 aldirako zehaztu dituen estrategiak garatzen dira: dimentsioa eta nazioartekotzea, berrikuntza, elkarren arteko lankidetza eta izaera eta identitate kooperatiboa, hain zuzen ere. Korporazioko kooperatibentzat orokorrak diren estrategiak dira, ondoren taldeko kide bakoitzak egokitu egingo dituenak. Ikerketa burututa, ikusi da MONDRAGON Korporazioak finkatutako estrategiatan kooperatiben printzipioek presentzia nabaria dutela. Elkarren arteko lankidetza da eragin handiena duena, bere baitan estrategia bat izanik. Komunitatearenganako interesak, bazkideen parte hartze demokratikoak eta hezkuntzak ere garrantzia nabarmena dute. Erronka bikoitza da kooperatibentzat: utilitate soziala alde batetik, eta lehiakortasuna bestetik. Hori dela eta, merkatuaren eskakizunei erantzuteko finkatutako estrategiek kooperatiben identitatearekin bat egin behar dute.

TRANSFER OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE CHARACTERISATION OF NATURAL PRODUCTS TO R&D PROCESSES OF IDOKI

IDOKI SCF Technologies S.L. is a technology-based company, set up on September 2006 in Derio (Biscay) with the main scope of developing extraction and purification processes based on the use of supercritical fluid extraction technology (SFE) in food processing, extraction of natural products and the production of personal care products. IDOKI¿s researchers have been working on many different R&D projects so far, most of them using this technology. However, the optimization of a SFE method for the different matrices cannot be performed unless we have an analytical method for the characterisation of the extracts obtained in each experiment. The analytical methods are also essential for the quality control of the raw materials that are going to be used and also for the final product. This PhD thesis was born to tackle this problem and therefore, it is based on the development of different analytical methods for the characterisation of the extracts and products. The projects that we could include in this thesis were the following: the extraction propolis, the recovery of agroindustrial residues (soy and wine) and the dealcoholisation of wine.On the one hand, for the extraction of propolis, several UV-Vis spectroscopic methods were used in order to measure the antioxidant capacity and the total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the extracts. A SFC method was also developed in order to measure more specific phenolic compounds. On the other hand, for the recovery of agroindustrial residues UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the total polyphenol content and two SFC methods were developed to analyse different phenolic compounds. Extraction methods such as MAE, FUSE and rotary agitation were also evaluated for the characterisation of the raw materials.Finally, for the dealcoholisation of wine, the development of a SBSE-TD-GC-MS and DHS-TD-GC-MS methods for the analysis of aromas and a NIR spectroscopic method for the determination of ethanol content with the help of chemometrics was necessary. Most of these methods are typically used in IDOKI¿s lab as routine analyses apart from others not included in this PhD thesis.