Desarrollo de procesos hidrometalúrgicos para la fabricación de compuestos de zinc a parir de óxido Waelz

309 p.

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de evaluación de la eficacia y seguridad de la analgesia con remifentanilo versus óxido nitroso en la versión cefálica externa en gestaciones simples a término en presentación no cefálica

257 p.

Candida albicans Increases Tumor Cell Adhesion to Endothelial Cells In Vitro: Intraspecific Differences and Importance of the Mannose Receptor

The dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is able to trigger a cytokine-mediated pro-inflammatory response that increases tumor cell adhesion to hepatic endothelium and metastasis. To check the intraspecific differences in this effect, we used an in vitro murine model of hepatic response against C. albicans, which made clear that tumor cells adhered more to endothelium incubated with blastoconidia, both live and killed, than germ tubes. This finding was related to the higher carbohydrate/protein ratio found in blastoconidia. In fact, destruction of mannose ligand residues on the cell surface by metaperiodate treatment significantly reduced tumor cell adhesion induced. Moreover, we also noticed that the effect of clinical strains was greater than that of the reference one. This finding could not be explained by the carbohydrate/protein data, but to explain these differences between strains, we analyzed the expression level of ten genes (ADH1, APE3, IDH2, ENO1, FBA1, ILV5, PDI1, PGK1, QCR2 and TUF1) that code for the proteins identified previously in a mannoprotein-enriched pro-metastatic fraction of C. albicans. The results corroborated that their expression was higher in clinical strains than the reference one. To confirm the importance of the mannoprotein fraction, we also demonstrate that blocking the mannose receptor decreases the effect of C. albicans and its mannoproteins, inhibiting IL-18 synthesis and tumor cell adhesion increase by around 60%. These findings could be the first step towards a new treatment for solid organ cancers based on the role of the mannose receptor in C. albicans-induced tumor progression and metastasis.

HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES BASED ON ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS AND INORGANIC NANOSTRUCTURED ELECTRODES

La fotovoltaica orgánica es una tecnología solar emergente que todavía no ha entrado en el mercado. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido acercar un poco más la industrialización de dicha tecnología mediante el incremento de la eficiencia y la durabilidad de estos dispositivos solares. Para la consecución de dicho objetivo se identificaron las limitaciones existentes y se diseñó una hora de ruta con diversas estrategias para poder superar cada uno de los problemas. Así, mediante un exhaustivo control de la nano morfología del film fotoactivo y la introducción de electrodos nanoestructurados se ha conseguido incrementar la eficiencia. La sustitución de los electrodos estándares por nuevos electrodos basados en óxidos metálicos confiere durabilidad al sistema. Por último, la sustitución del óxido de indio y estaño como electrodo transparente por nanohilos metálicos de plata habilita la posibilidad de fabricar dispositivos solares flexibles de bajo coste.

Materiales para su aplicación en celdas SOFCs

Poster presentado en la conferencia: XXXV Bienal de la Real Sociedad Española de Química (A Coruña, 19-23 de Julio de 2015)

Erizainaren rola giza immunoeskasiaren birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzioan

Giza Immunoeskasiaren Birusa (GIB) gorputzean sartzerakoan, abiadura azkarrean ugaldu eta immunitate sistemaren suntsidura progresiboa probokatzen duen erretrobirusa da. Bost bide ezberdinetatik transmiti badaiteke ere, egun sexu bidezko kutsatzea da ohikoena. Arazo honi aurre egiteko, osasun zerbitzuen presentzia indartzeko beharra eskatzen duten prebentzio estrategia berriak proposatu behar dira. HELBURUA: Lanaren helburu nagusia GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioa prebenitzeko dauden neurri ezberdinak aztertzea izan da eta prebentzio horretan erizainak duen rola ezagutzea. METODOLOGIA: Gaiaren inguruan idatzitako literatura zientifikoaren errebisio narratiboa egin da. Horretarako bi fasetan burututako bilaketa bibliografikoa egin da: lehenean artikuluen bilaketa eta aukeraketa egin da; bigarrenean, berriz, horien ebaluazioa. EMAITZAK: Sexu bidez Transmititzen diren Infekzioak (STI) areagotu egin dira azken urteetan eta hartzen diren arriskuzko jarduera gehienak ezjakintasunaren ondorio dira. Dauden prebentzio neurriak populazio guztira heltzen ez direnez, teknologia berrien eta biomedikuntzan oinarritutako ikerketen aldeko apustua egin da arlo honetan. Erizaintzari dagokionez, erizainak hezteak duen garrantzia azpimarratzen da, gaixoari zainketa egokiak eman ahal izateko. Bestalde, eskolako erizainaren figura planteatzen da bizitzako lehen etapako osasun heziketaren erreferente gisa. EZTABAIDA: Errebisioan aztertutako artikuluek bat egiten dute prebentzio neurri bakar bat ez dela eraginkorra ondorioztatzean. Arriskuzko sexu jarduerak murrizten dituzten jarrera aldaketan oinarritutako esku-hartzeak eta antierretrobiralen bidezko tratamenduaren erabileraren arteko elkarketa, kontsidera daiteke etorkizuneko GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzio neurri ezin hobea. ONDORIOAK: Kasuen areagotzeak biztanleriak duen gaiaren inguruko ezagutza urria edota arrisku hautemate eza bistan uzten du. Hori dela eta, heziketa eraginkor baten aldeko apustua egin beharko da, gainontzeko prebentzio neurriek ere heziketa baten beharra eskatzen baitute. Gizartea osasunean heztea erizainaren funtzio nagusietako bat den aldetik, erizainak GIB birusaren sexu bidezko transmisioaren prebentzioan duen rolean aldaketa bat planteatu beharko litzatekeela ikusten da.

Desarrollo de capas de contacto para su aplicación en SOFC

256 p.+anexos

Mugilid Fish Are Sentinels of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Coastal and Estuarine Environments

Effects on fish reproduction can result from a variety of toxicity mechanisms first operating at the molecular level. Notably, the presence in the environment of some compounds termed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse effects on reproduction by interfering with the endocrine system. In some cases, exposure to EDCs leads to the animal feminization and male fish may develop oocytes in testis (intersex condition). Mugilid fish are well suited sentinel organisms to study the effects of reproductive EDCs in the monitoring of estuarine/marine environments. Up-regulation of aromatases and vitellogenins in males and juveniles and the presence of intersex individuals have been described in a wide array of mullet species worldwide. There is a need to develop new molecular markers to identify early feminization responses and intersex condition in fish populations, studying mechanisms that regulate gonad differentiation under exposure to xenoestrogens. Interestingly, an electrophoresis of gonad RNA, shows a strong expression of 5S rRNA in oocytes, indicating the potential of 5S rRNA and its regulating proteins to become useful molecular makers of oocyte presence in testis. Therefore, the use of these oocyte markers to sex and identify intersex mullets could constitute powerful molecular biomarkers to assess xenoestrogenicity in field conditions.

Modular Multimodal Iron Oxide-Based Nanocarriers for Image-Guided dsRNA Immunostimulation and Platinum Anticancer Drug Design

237 p.

Development of the heterogeneous catalysts for the production of levulinic acid from furfuryl alcohol

207 p.

Identification of Sex and Female’s Reproductive Stage in Commercial Fish Species through the Quantification of Ribosomal Transcripts in Gonads

The estimation of maturity and sex of fish stocks in European waters is a requirement of the EU Data Collection Framework as part of the policy to improve fisheries management. On the other hand, research on fish biology is increasingly focused in molecular approaches, researchers needing correct identification of fish sex and reproductive stage without necessarily having in house the histological know-how necessary for the task. Taking advantage of the differential gene transcription occurring during fish sex differentiation and gametogenesis, the utility of 5S ribosomal RNA (5S rRNA) and General transcription factor IIIA (gtf3a) in the molecular identification of sex and gametogenic stage was tested in different economically-relevant fish species from the Bay of Biscay. Gonads of 9 fish species (, Atlantic, Atlantic-chub and horse mackerel, blue whiting, bogue, European anchovy, hake and pilchard and megrim), collected from local commercial fishing vessels were histologically sexed and 5S and 18S rRNA concentrations were quantified by capillary electrophoresis to calculate a 5S/18S rRNA index. Degenerate primers permitted cloning and sequencing of gtf3a fragments in 7 of the studied species. 5S rRNA and gtf3a transcript levels, together with 5S/18S rRNA index, distinguished clearly ovaries from testis in all of the studied species. The values were always higher in females than in males. 5S/18S rRNA index values in females were always highest when fish were captured in early phases of ovary development whilst, in later vitellogenic stages, the values decreased significantly. In megrim and European anchovy, where gonads in different oogenesis stages were obtained, the 5S/18S rRNA index identified clearly gametogenic stage. This approach, to the sexing and the quantitative non-subjective identification of the maturity stage of female fish, could have multiple applications in the study of fish stock dynamics, fish reproduction and fecundity and fish biology in general.

Inplante erabilerako polimero erradio-opakoen lorpena eta ezaugarritzea

[EU]Biomedikuntzan gero eta material polimeriko gehiago aplikatzen dira. Metalezko inplanteekin alderatuz, ekoizterako orduan azkarragoak eta merkeagoak baitira beste hainbat ezaugarriren artean. Baina onurak ekartzearekin batera, erradio-opakotasun eza ere badakar. Eta ezaugarri hau gabe, inplantearen jarraipena behin giza gorputzean ezarrita dagoenean ezinezkoa da, X izpiekin ezin baita ikusi. Beraz, arazo horri aurre egiteko, proiektu honetan matrize polimerikoari kargak gehitzea proposatzen da. Lortutako material konposatuak, polimeroak soilik dituen ezaugarriak berdintzea edo hobetzea espero da. Hau da, erradio-opakotasuna lortzeaz gain, propietate mekanikoak behintzat mantentzea espero da. Giza gorputzean aplikatzen diren inplanteetarako erabiliko den material konposatu bat lortzea duenez helburu proiektu honek, matrizea polimero biobataragarria eta biodegradagarria izango da. Biodegradagarria izanik, inplantea kanporatzeko bigarren ebakuntza bat ekiditen da. Zehazki, poli(D-laktida) (PDLA) polimeroa matrize moduan eta karga moduan bismuto oxidoa (Bi2O3) erabiliko dira, medikuntza arloko inplanteetan erabili izan ohi dira eta.