Body image and body composition: comparisons of young male elite soccer players and controls

[EN] The purpose of this study was to evaluate body composition and body image (perception and satisfaction) in a group of young elite soccer players and to compare the data with those of a control group (age and BMI matched). Participants were 56 volunteer males whose mean age and BMI were 19.6 (SD 1.3) years and 23.3 (SD 1.1) kg/m2, respectively. Results showed that soccer players have a higher lean mass and lower fat mass than controls. Moreover, body perception (difference between current and actual image) was more accurate in controls than in soccer players, and the results suggest a tendency for soccer players to aspire to have more muscle mass and body fat. Soccer players perceived an ideal image with significantly higher body-fat percentage than their current and actual images. There were no body-dissatisfaction differences between groups, however. Although the results are necessarily limited by the small sample size, the findings should be of interest to coaches of young elite soccer teams.

Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Interval Training in Aerobic Fitness and Physical Enjoyment in Young Elite Soccer Players

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Small-Sided Games (SSG) vs. Interval Training (IT) in soccer training on aerobic fitness and physical enjoyment in youth elite soccer players during the last 8 weeks of the season. Seventeen U-16 male soccer players (age = 15.5 +/- 0.6 years, and 8.5 years of experience) of a Spanish First Division club academy were randomized to 2 different groups for 6 weeks: SSG group (n = 9) and IT group (n = 8). In addition to the usual technical and tactical sessions and competitive games, the SSG group performed 11 sessions with different SSGs, whereas the IT group performed the same number of sessions of IT. Players were tested before and after the 6-week training intervention with a continuous maximal multistage running field test and the counter movement jump test (CMJ). At the end of the study, players answered the physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES). During the study, heart rate (HR) and session perceived effort (sRPE) were assessed. SSGs were as effective as IT in maintaining the aerobic fitness in elite young soccer players during the last weeks of the season. Players in the SSG group declared a greater physical enjoyment than IT (P = 0.006; ES = 1.86 +/- 1.07). Coaches could use SSG training during the last weeks of the season as an option without fear of losing aerobic fitness while promoting high physical enjoyment.

La actividad del World Café, una herramienta para la evaluación y desarrollo de los valores en el deporte escolar

[ES] El presente trabajo presenta una experiencia aplicada que pretende conocer las opiniones, de los agentes sociales que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas, para la promoción de valores. A través de la actividad del World Café, los agentes sociales implicados en el deporte escolar aportaron orientaciones enfocadas a mejorar la calidad educativa del deporte. Un grupo de 56 participantes [padres/madres (8), árbitros (8), profesores de educación física (8), entrenadores (8), deportistas de élite (8), deportistas escolares (8) y representantes institucionales (8)] debatieron, desde su perspectiva, cómo consideraban que podían ayudar en la promoción de valores en los contextos deportivos escolares en los que participan. Entre los resultados más relevantes destacan, la necesidad de concretar desde el propio centro escolar los valores que se pretenden promocionar a través del deporte; en segundo lugar, la importancia de llevar a cabo una coordinación entre los agentes directos que rodean a los jóvenes deportistas; y finalmente, llevar a cabo una formación dirigida a monitores y padres/madres, que les permita adquirir herramientas adecuadas para la promoción de valores.

Características antropométricas, condición física y velocidad de lanzamiento en balonmano de élite y amateur

166 p.

Goi mailako errugbi talde batean aurredenboraldiaren efektuak zineantropometria, gorputz osaera eta somatotipoan

Ikerketa lan honen helburu nagusia, Espainiako maila gorenean jokatzen aritzen den Getxo Errugbi taldeko jokalarien estruktura biotipologikoa eta somatotipoa aztertzea eta aurre-denboraldian zehar, hau da, 10 astetan zehar gorputz egituran jasandako aldaketak baloratzea izan da. Bestalde, aurrelarien eta atzelarien arteko desberdintasunak eta postuaren arabera aurre-denboraldiak duen eragina sumatzearen helburua ere izan du ikerketa honek. Horretarako, aurre-denboraldiaren hasieran, ekainaren 18an eta amaieran, abuztuaren 27an, elite mailako diren 30 jokalariren datu antropometrikoak neurtu izan ziren. Datu antropometrikoak altuera, pisua, larruazaleko tolesturak, hezur diametroak eta gorputz adarren perimetroak izan ziren. 30 jokalarien ekaineko batez besteko adina, esperientzia, altuera, pisua, gorputz masa indizea eta gantz ehunekoa hurrengokoak izan ziren hurrenez hurren; 25,7 ?? 5,7 urte, 14,3 ?? 6,1 urte, 181,5 ?? 6,8 cm, 91,2 ?? 17,7 kg, 27,6 ?? 4,6 GMI eta 13,48 ?? 3,66 gantz %. Metodologiari dagokionez, kirolari bakoitzaren somatotipoa Heath-Carter metodoaren bidez kalkulatua izan da eta gantz ehunekoa eta gantz masa 4 gunetako Jackson/Pollock gantz kalibre metodoaren bidez kalkulatu izan dira.

El deporte como medio para el fomento de la deportividad: un programa educativo en centros escolares alaveses

LCC Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 España

Kyokushin karatean gaitasun fisikoetan pisaketa eta gero egiten den bazkari motaren eragina

[EUS] Elikadura oso garrantzitsua da errendimendurako txapelketa batean. Horrez gain, lehiaketa batzuetan, kirolariak kategoria ezberdinetan sailkatzen dira beren pisuaren arabera, kyokushin karatean bezala. Arte martzial honetako lehiakide askok txapelketaren aurreko egunetan dieta gogorra egin behar dute, ahalik eta kategoria baxuen egoteko asmoz. Batzuetan, barauan edo afaldu gabe joaten dira hori lortzeko. Horregatik, ikerketa honetan pisua hartu eta gero eta lehiatu aurretik elikadurazko estrategia ezberdinak aztertu ziren. Kontrola egin baino lehen, karbohidratoak eta proteinak hartu behar izan zituzten partaideek, eta indarra, erresistentzia, bizkortasuna eta potentzia baloratu egin zen. Kancho Oyama gimnasioan egin ziren frogak. Horietan 12 karatekak hartu zuten parte, batzuk emakumezkoak (4) eta beste batzuk gizonezkoak (8), 18 urte baino gehiagokoak izanda. Ikerketaren emaitzak, partaide gehienak indarrean, erresistentzia eta bizkortasunean karbohidratoekin eta potentzian proteinekin hobetu egin zutela markatu zuten. Ere esan dezakegu, errendimenduan mutilek neskek baino gehiago hobetzen dutela. Goizean arratsaldean baino errendimendu hobea nabarmentzen da, kontuan izanda, pisua hartu baino ordu batzuk lehenago jan barik daudela. Iraupen gutxiko eta intentsitate altuko kontaktuko kiroletan, txapelketa baino lehen ohiturak funtsezkoak dira, hala nola, ondo deskantsatzea, aurre entrenamenduak eta elikadura adibidez, horretaz gain, karbohidratoak hartzen baditugu pisua hartu eta gero normalean errendimendu gehiago lortzen da proteinekin baino, ondorio aipagarriena izanik.

Análisis de la mejora en el rendimiento en el test de 20 minutos en diez remeros de élite

En el siguiente estudio se analiza, mediante el test de 20 minutos, la mejora en el rendimiento de diez remeros pertenecientes a un club de elite. Estos sujetos, se sometieron a dos test en diferentes fechas de la temporada. Se hizo una comparación entre ambas pruebas. Las variables analizadas en esa comparación y que muestran la evolución de los deportistas son las siguientes: wattios, ritmo y frecuencia cardiaca. Analizando los wattios se calculó la potencia obtenida durante todo el test, con el ritmo nos referimos a las paladas por minuto y mirando la frecuencia cardiaca pudimos obtener dos indicadores: cuál es el porcentaje de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima con la que cada deportista realizó la prueba y en qué medida recuperaba cada sujeto.

The scientific legacy of the "Instituto Eduardo Torroja" in Bilbao (1960-1980)

By means of this analysis, we have endeavored to evaluate and understand both the influence that the IETcc started to bear on scientific progress in Bilbao, mainly during the 1960s and the 1970s, as well as the determined efforts of the local financial and industrial elite of the time to transform Bilbao into the great metropolis of the north, i.e. the economic capital of that part of Spain, using as a model, among other metropolises, New York, the financial capital of America, and Pittsburg, the industrial capital. The various means to accomplish this have been studied: from the institutions of investigation, exposition and information which would initiate the longed for scientific progress, to the pathways for reproducing the fascinating American way.

Exploring Game Performance in the National Basketball Association Using Player Tracking Data

Recent player tracking technology provides new information about basketball game performance. The aim of this study was to (i) compare the game performances of all-star and non all-star basketball players from the National Basketball Association (NBA), and (ii) describe the different basketball game performance profiles based on the different game roles. Archival data were obtained from all 2013-2014 regular season games (n = 1230). The variables analyzed included the points per game, minutes played and the game actions recorded by the player tracking system. To accomplish the first aim, the performance per minute of play was analyzed using a descriptive discriminant analysis to identify which variables best predict the all-star and non all-star playing categories. The all-star players showed slower velocities in defense and performed better in elbow touches, defensive rebounds, close touches, close points and pull-up points, possibly due to optimized attention processes that are key for perceiving the required appropriate environmental information. The second aim was addressed using a k-means cluster analysis, with the aim of creating maximal different performance profile groupings. Afterwards, a descriptive discriminant analysis identified which variables best predict the different playing clusters. The results identified different playing profile of performers, particularly related to the game roles of scoring, passing, defensive and all-round game behavior. Coaching staffs may apply this information to different players, while accounting for individual differences and functional variability, to optimize practice planning and, consequently, the game performances of individuals and teams.