El outsourcing y su influencia en los objetivos de la estrategia de operaciones. Una aplicación empírica

[ES] El outsourcing de servicios permite mejorar los recursos y capacidades de la empresa, al obtener una mejor calidad de los servicios externalizados y un mejor resultado, ya que permite a la empresa centrarse en lo que realmente sabe hacer. Este artículo trata de ver las percepciones que tienen los directivos del sector hotelero acerca de la influencia que puede tener la externalización en la estrategia de operaciones y concretamente en los objetivos de operaciones relacionados con la reducción del coste, la mejora de la calidad, el aumento de la flexibilidad y el aumento del servicio. El estudio demuestra que los directivos consideran que la externalización tiene un gran potencial al presentar una influencia no sólo en la reducción del coste, sino también en los otros objetivos de la estrategia de operaciones, dando así un carácter más estratégico a la externalización.

The Green Paradox and Learning-by-doing in the Renewable Energy Sector

21 p.

Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: a quantitative approach for Spain

Climate change is an important environmental problem and one whose economic implications are many and varied. This paper starts with the presumption that mitigation of greenhouse gases is a necessary policy that has to be designed in a cost effective way. It is well known that market instruments are the best option for cost effectiveness. But the discussion regarding which of the various market instruments should be used, how they may interact and what combinations of policies should be implemented is still open and very lively. In this paper we propose a combination of instruments: the marketable emission permits already in place in Europe for major economic sectors and a CO(2) tax for economic sectors not included in the emissions permit scheme. The study uses an applied general equilibrium model for the Spanish economy to compute the results obtained with the new mix of instruments proposed. As the combination of the market for emission permits and the CO(2) tax admits different possibilities that depend on how the mitigation is distributed among the economic sectors, we concentrate on four possibilities: cost-effective, equalitarian, proportional to emissions, and proportional to output distributions. Other alternatives to the CO(2) tax are also analysed (tax on energy, on oil and on electricity). Our findings suggest that careful, well designed policies are needed as any deviation imposes significant additional costs that increase more than proportionally to the level of emissions reduction targeted by the EU.