Dinámica de las Redes Virtuales de Fabricación Global en la Industria Aeronáutica

[ES] Las redes virtuales de fabricación global (RVFGs) están formadas por empresas independientes las cuales establecen entre sí relaciones de tipo horizontal y vertical, pudiendo incluso ser competidores, donde no es necesario mantener internamente grandes recursos fabriles sino gestionar y compartir eficientemente los recursos de la red.

“Aditz bakarraren” teoria XIX. mendeko euskal gramatikagintzan

Joseba A. Lakarra & José Ignacio Hualde, arg., Studies in Basque and Historical Linguistics in memoriam of R. L. Trask - R. L. Trasken oroitzapenetan ikerketak Euskalaritzaz eta Hizkuntzalaritza Historikoaz

Telekomunikazio-sare eta zerbitzuak: teoria

Helburuak: Testu-liburu honen helburua bikoitza da, 'Telekomunikazio-sare eta zerbitzuak' (2001eko ikasketa-planetako Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza Teknikoetako 2. mailan irakasten zena) eta 'Telekomunikazio-sare eta zerbitzuak I' (1995eko ikasketa-planetako Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzako 2. mailan irakasten zena) irakasgaietako ikasleentzat (hortaz, ikasketarako) zein irakasleentzat (hots, irakaskuntzarako) lagungarri izatea. Horregatik, ikasgelan azaldutako kontzeptuen kontsultarako testu-liburutzat har daiteke. Norentzat izan daiteke baliagarria: 2001eko ikasketa-planetako Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza Teknikoetako 2. mailan irakasten zen 'Telekomunikazio-sare eta zerbitzuak' eta 1995eko ikasketa-planetako Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzako 2. mailan irakasten zen 'Telekomunikazio-sare eta zerbitzuak I' irakasgaietako ikasleentzat zein irakasleentzat.

Etxebizitzaren prezioaren eraketa eta burbuilaren teoria. EAE-ko kasua

Etxebizitzaren prezioak berebiziko hazkundea jasan du milurteko berriaren lehen urteetan eta erlatiboki moteltzen ari bada ere sektore honetako prezioaren hazkundea, honen guztiaren gaineko eztabaida zahar eta berriak gaurkotu egin dira, besteak beste, burbuilaren teoriaren gainekoa. Hori dela eta, artikulu honetan etxebizitzaren prezioa, burbuilaren teoria eta EAEko kasua izango dira aztergai, teoria ekonomikoa eta analisi enpirikoa batera txertatuz.

Economic Effects of Global Warming under Stock Growth Uncertainty: The European Sardine Fishery

Global warming of the oceans is expected to alter the environmental conditions that determine the growth of a fishery resource. Most climate change studies are based on models and scenarios that focus on economic growth, or they concentrate on simulating the potential losses or cost to fisheries due to climate change. However, analysis that addresses model optimization problems to better understand of the complex dynamics of climate change and marine ecosystems is still lacking. In this paper a simple algorithm to compute transitional dynamics in order to quantify the effect of climate change on the European sardine fishery is presented. The model results indicate that global warming will not necessarily lead to a monotonic decrease in the expected biomass levels. Our results show that if the resource is exploited optimally then in the short run, increases in the surface temperature of the fishery ground are compatible with higher expected biomass and economic profit.

Sekuentzia Didaktikoak eta hizkuntzen curriculuma : teoria eta praktika : hitzaurrea

Aldizkariaren sarrera

Global pressures, specific responses: effects of nutrient enrichment in streams from different biomes

13 p. + 2 p. (Erratum)

Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: a quantitative approach for Spain

Climate change is an important environmental problem and one whose economic implications are many and varied. This paper starts with the presumption that mitigation of greenhouse gases is a necessary policy that has to be designed in a cost effective way. It is well known that market instruments are the best option for cost effectiveness. But the discussion regarding which of the various market instruments should be used, how they may interact and what combinations of policies should be implemented is still open and very lively. In this paper we propose a combination of instruments: the marketable emission permits already in place in Europe for major economic sectors and a CO(2) tax for economic sectors not included in the emissions permit scheme. The study uses an applied general equilibrium model for the Spanish economy to compute the results obtained with the new mix of instruments proposed. As the combination of the market for emission permits and the CO(2) tax admits different possibilities that depend on how the mitigation is distributed among the economic sectors, we concentrate on four possibilities: cost-effective, equalitarian, proportional to emissions, and proportional to output distributions. Other alternatives to the CO(2) tax are also analysed (tax on energy, on oil and on electricity). Our findings suggest that careful, well designed policies are needed as any deviation imposes significant additional costs that increase more than proportionally to the level of emissions reduction targeted by the EU.

Global Self-Organization of the Cellular Metabolic Structure

Background: Over many years, it has been assumed that enzymes work either in an isolated way, or organized in small catalytic groups. Several studies performed using "metabolic networks models'' are helping to understand the degree of functional complexity that characterizes enzymatic dynamic systems. In a previous work, we used "dissipative metabolic networks'' (DMNs) to show that enzymes can present a self-organized global functional structure, in which several sets of enzymes are always in an active state, whereas the rest of molecular catalytic sets exhibit dynamics of on-off changing states. We suggested that this kind of global metabolic dynamics might be a genuine and universal functional configuration of the cellular metabolic structure, common to all living cells. Later, a different group has shown experimentally that this kind of functional structure does, indeed, exist in several microorganisms. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we have analyzed around 2.500.000 different DMNs in order to investigate the underlying mechanism of this dynamic global configuration. The numerical analyses that we have performed show that this global configuration is an emergent property inherent to the cellular metabolic dynamics. Concretely, we have found that the existence of a high number of enzymatic subsystems belonging to the DMNs is the fundamental element for the spontaneous emergence of a functional reactive structure characterized by a metabolic core formed by several sets of enzymes always in an active state. Conclusions/Significance: This self-organized dynamic structure seems to be an intrinsic characteristic of metabolism, common to all living cellular organisms. To better understand cellular functionality, it will be crucial to structurally characterize these enzymatic self-organized global structures.

Howard Gadnerren adimen anitzen teoria

Lan honen helburua , Howard Gardner - rek proposatutako Adimen Anitzen Teoriaren inguruan hausnarketa eta ike rketa egitea izan da , baita hezkuntza eremuan ezartzearen aukera aztertzea ere. Proposamen honek, adimena bakarra eta orokorra denaren paradigma tradizionala apurtu zuen, adimena anitza dela azpimarratuz. Hortaz, teoria honen ezarpena eskoletan, aldaketa s akona suposatzen du. Izan ere, ikasteko dauden modu desberdinak errespetatuz, pertsona guztiei erantzun egokia ematea lortuko litzateke, modu honetan, eskola zein gizarte inklusiboa lortzeko ateak zabalduz.

Cost effectiveness of a combination of instruments for global warming: a quantitative approach for Spain

4 p.

The basque ecological debt: global socioecological impacts of a small open economy

4 p.

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation

25 p.

Local and Global Externalities, Environmental Policies and Growth

33 p.

Local air pollution and global climate change taxes: a distributional analysis

25 p.