Synthesis and structural characterisation of [Cu2[(PDC)2(bpa)(H2O)2]•nH2O•mDMF (n=3 and m=1 for 1, n=7 and m=0 for 2, PDC=2,5-pyrindinedicarboxylate and bpa= 1,2-di(4-pyridil)ethane))

[EN] Combination of polycarboxylate anions and dipyridyl ligands is an effective strategy to produce solid coordination frameworks (SCF) which are crystalline materials based on connections between metal ions through organic ligands. In this sense, combination of polycarboxylate anions and dipyridyl ligands is an effective strategy to produce extended structures. In this context, this work is focused on two novel CuII-based SCFs exhibiting PDC (2,5-pyridinedicarboxylate) and bpa (1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane), being the first structures reported in literature containing both ligands. Chemical formula are [Cu2[(PDC)2(bpa)(H2O)2]•3H2O•DMF (1), and [Cu2(PDC)2(bpa)(H2O)2]•7H2O (2), where DMF is dimethylformamide. Compounds 1 and 2 have been characterized by means of XRD, IR, TG/DTG, and DTA analysis.

Microencapsulación de Biocidas

Los productos biocidas presentan una serie de limitaciones para su uso como son: -Perfil toxicológico que limita su utilización en todos lo ámbitos. -Solubilidad que imposibilita o dificulta la utilización del agua como vehículo de elección. -Estado físico que en algunos casos complica la manipulación del biocida por el operador. -Condiciones de almacenamiento que precisan protección frente a la luz y a la temperatura. En esta memoria se plantea como solución a esta problemática, la formación de microencapsulados (complejos de inclusión) de biocidas de tres familias diferentes (nicotinoides, piretroides y carbamatos) y del sinergista butóxido de piperonilo, con ciclodextrinas (oligosacáridos cíclicos). El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar las herramientas adecuadas que permitan obtener un producto medioambientalmente compatible, que sirva de base para la obtención de formulaciones eficaces aplicables al control de plagas de insectos voladores, concretamente enfocado a la mosca doméstica (Musca doméstica), tanto en el interior como en el exterior de entornos urbanos y ganaderos. Una vez obtenido el microencapsulado se lleva a cabo su caracterización mediante diversas técnicas analíticas instrumentales: -Electroforesis capilar de zona (ECZ). -Estudios de solubilidad de fase mediante espectroscopía uv-vis. -Estudios calorimétricos (DSC, TG y DTA). -Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN-H1 y RMN-C13). -Análisis Elemental (AE). -Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM). -Espectroscopía Infrarroja con Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR).

Inflammatory Mediators of Hepatic Steatosis

7 p.

Increase in the density of resting microglia precedes neuritic plaque formation and microglial activation in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease

The formation of cerebral senile plaques composed of amyloid beta peptide (A beta) is a fundamental feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glial cells and more specifically microglia become reactive in the presence of A beta. In a triple transgenic model of AD (3 x Tg-AD), we found a significant increase in activated microglia at 12 (by 111%) and 18 (by 88%) months of age when compared with non-transgenic (non-Tg) controls. This microglial activation correlated with A beta plaque formation, and the activation in microglia was closely associated with A beta plaques and smaller A beta deposits. We also found a significant increase in the area density of resting microglia in 3 x Tg-AD animals both at plaque-free stage (at 9 months by 105%) and after the development of A plaques (at 12 months by 54% and at 18 months by 131%). Our results show for the first time that the increase in the density of resting microglia precedes both plaque formation and activation of microglia by extracellular A beta accumulation. We suggest that AD pathology triggers a complex microglial reaction: at the initial stages of the disease the number of resting microglia increases, as if in preparation for the ensuing activation in an attempt to fight the extracellular A beta load that is characteristic of the terminal stages of the disease. Cell Death and Disease (2010) 1, e1; doi:10.1038/cddis.2009.2; published online 14 January 2010