Phylogeography and non-invasive landscape genetics of the European pine marten ("martes martes" L. 1758) : insights into ancient and contemporary processes shaping genetic variation

283 p. : graf., map.

Unveiling the factors shaping the distribution of widely distributed alpine vertebrates, using multi-scale ecological niche modelling of the bat Plecotus macrobullaris

Several alpine vertebrates share a distribution pattern that extends across the South-western Palearctic but is limited to the main mountain massifs. Although they are usually regarded as cold-adapted species, the range of many alpine vertebrates also includes relatively warm areas, suggesting that factors beyond climatic conditions may be driving their distribution. In this work we first recognize the species belonging to the mentioned biogeographic group and, based on the environmental niche analysis of Plecotus macrobullaris, we identify and characterize the environmental factors constraining their ranges. Distribution overlap analysis of 504 European vertebrates was done using the Sorensen Similarity Index, and we identified four birds and one mammal that share the distribution with P. macrobullaris. We generated 135 environmental niche models including different variable combinations and regularization values for P. macrobullaris at two different scales and resolutions. After selecting the best models, we observed that topographic variables outperformed climatic predictors, and the abruptness of the landscape showed better predictive ability than elevation. The best explanatory climatic variable was mean summer temperature, which showed that P. macrobullaris is able to cope with mean temperature ranges spanning up to 16 degrees C. The models showed that the distribution of P. macrobullaris is mainly shaped by topographic factors that provide rock-abundant and open-space habitats rather than climatic determinants, and that the species is not a cold-adapted, but rather a cold-tolerant eurithermic organism. P. macrobullaris shares its distribution pattern as well as several ecological features with five other alpine vertebrates, suggesting that the conclusions obtained from this study might be extensible to them. We concluded that rock-dwelling and open-space foraging vertebrates with broad temperature tolerance are the best candidates to show wide alpine distribution in the Western Palearctic.

Regional Entrepreneurial Scorecard

[ES] Este trabajo analiza la relación entre el desarrollo regional y la creación de empresas desde una perspectiva micro del enfoque institucional, a partir de los stakeholders más relevantes que intervienen en el proceso. La contribución de los emprendedores al crecimiento económico regional viene siendo objeto de especial atención por los poderes públicos, para lo que se necesita un sistema de referencias que permita evaluar la adecuación de los programas públicos de fomento de la actividad emprendedora.

Sibilantes tras consonante sonante en euskera: inserción vs. africación, fonética y fonología

[ES] Este artículo trata sobre el proceso fonológico que en euskera convierte en africadas las fricativas sibilantes tras consonante sonante. El análisis de dicho proceso es particularmente adecuado para la discusión de la relación recíproca entre fonética y fonología tal y defendida por la Fonología Natural. Es ese marco teórico, este trabajo estudia la motivación fonética de la fonología; por otro lado, explora las consecuencias perceptivas –tal vez también productivas– de los distintos inventarios fonémicos de cada lengua, comparando el proceso de africación vasco con el más conocido proceso inglés de inserción oclusiva. Se argumenta que la opción terminológica africación vs. inserción podría no ser una cuestión trivial sino el reflejo de alguna diferencia en el procesamiento fonológico de condiciones fonéticas básicamente equivalentes. La optimización de la estructura silábica se presenta como otro posible elemento de la configuración del proceso y como factor que contribuye a la mayor o menor relevancia de éste en lenguas tipológicamente distintas. Se ofrecen en la sección 3 algunos comentarios sobre imágenes espectrográficas como muestra de las observaciones que dieron lugar al trabajo de investigación en curso.

Las comunidades de montes en Guipúzcoa en el tránsito del Medievo a la Edad Moderna

Ejemplar dedicado a: Élites sociales y poder territorial.

Apuntes sobre clasicismo y modernidad

Mª José García Soler ( editora).Anejos de VELEIA. Serie Minor nº 17

Sentence comprehension before and after 1970: Topics, debates and techniques

[EN] Language Down the Garden Path traces the lines of research that grew out of Bever's classic paper. Leading scientists review over 40 years of debates on the factors at play in language comprehension, production, and acquisition (the role of prediction, grammar, working memory, prosody, abstractness, syntax and semantics mapping); the current status of universals and narrow syntax; and virtually every topic relevant in psycholinguistics since 1970. Written in an accessible and engaging style, the book will appeal to all those interested in understanding the questions that shaped, and are still shaping, this field and the ways in which linguists, cognitive scientists, psychologists, and neuroscientists are seeking to answer them.

Medios de comunicación e inmigración: prejuicios y estereotipos. Claves para la intervención socioeducativa

RESUMEN: La sociedad de la información está marcada por la influencia de los medios de comunicación en la formación del pensamiento ciudadano. El presente trabajo de investigación presenta un estudio que se realizó en torno a dicha influencia en el campo de los estereotipos y prejuicios sociales hacia el colectivo inmigrante a través del análisis de 96 noticias referentes a inmigración pertenecientes a tres diarios representativos de la sociedad española y vasca: El País, El Correo y El Mundo durante la primera quincena de febrero de 2014. Los resultados obtenidos reflejaron los discursos más comunes y recurrentes en el tratamiento de temas relacionados con inmigración, corroborando teorías y estudios ya existentes. Tras la obtención de dichos resultados se elaboró una propuesta que incide en la importancia de una educación en los medios de comunicación accesible a toda la ciudadanía.

Implications of governance structures on urban climate action: evidence from Italy and Spain

47 p.

La cerámica de la Segunda Edad del Hierro en el País Vasco: Estudio tecnológico, funcional y social

670 p. Capítulos de introducción, metodología, discusión y conclusiones en castellano e inglés.

Learning to perceive in the sensor motor approach: Piaget's theory of equilibration interpreted dynamically

Learning to perceive is faced with a classical paradox: if understanding is required for perception, how can we learn to perceive something new, something we do not yet understand? According to the sensorimotor approach, perception involves mastery of regular sensorimotor co-variations that depend on the agent and the environment, also known as the "laws" of sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs). In this sense, perception involves enacting relevant sensorimotor skills in each situation. It is important for this proposal that such skills can be learned and refined with experience and yet up to this date, the sensorimotor approach has had no explicit theory of perceptual learning. The situation is made more complex if we acknowledge the open-ended nature of human learning. In this paper we propose Piaget's theory of equilibration as a potential candidate to fulfill this role. This theory highlights the importance of intrinsic sensorimotor norms, in terms of the closure of sensorimotor schemes. It also explains how the equilibration of a sensorimotor organization faced with novelty or breakdowns proceeds by re-shaping pre-existing structures in coupling with dynamical regularities of the world. This way learning to perceive is guided by the equilibration of emerging forms of skillful coping with the world. We demonstrate the compatibility between Piaget's theory and the sensorimotor approach by providing a dynamical formalization of equilibration to give an explicit micro-genetic account of sensorimotor learning and, by extension, of how we learn to perceive. This allows us to draw important lessons in the form of general principles for open-ended sensorimotor learning, including the need for an intrinsic normative evaluation by the agent itself. We also explore implications of our micro-genetic account at the personal level.